A FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ON PROGNOSTICATIONS IN "DONG YAO(Dou-yo)" THOSE BASED ON MARS AND THE SOCIETY OF ANCIENT CHINA

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Ever since a Japanese scholar named Shuku NAKANE (***) and a Chinese scholar named Zuo-ren ZHOU (***) did research on some Tong-Yao (** : Children's poems) which were created in ancient China, they have been mentioned in the books about the history of Chinese literature which were in print in both Japan and China. But almost all scholars of Chinese literature stated that these Tong-Yao were only the forerunners of Tang-shi (**), and many scholars of Chinese social thought slighted them as "preposterous."I have analyzed almost all the Tong-Yao from Han (*) dynasty and clarified their real meaning. These Tong-Yao were prevalent and took root in the Han (*) dynasty, and in place of Zai-yi-shuo (***) of Zhong-shu Dong (***) took on the main burden of criticizing the Establishment. This was because Zai-yi-shuo already had lost its own thought that natural disasters were the reprimands of Tian (**) against the administrators, and it was amalgamated with Chen-wei-shuo (***), and changed into mere foretelling.Tong-Yao primarily opposed those in power and playd a large part in criticizing the unreasonableness of the Establishment with respect to Former Han society. However at the end of Later Han dynasty, Tong-Yao were identified with Mars in astrology, and it was believed that Tong-Yao were the poems sang by a child who came from Mars. Then it changed into an oracle and gradually was used to justify the Establishment.