RESEARCH ON PORITICAL PROGNOSTICATION BASED ON THE APPEARANCE OF THE FIVE PLANETS : JUPITER,MARS,SATURN,VENUS,AND MARCURY IN ANCIENT CHINA

中国古代木星、火星、土星、金星、水星五大行星出现的气象预报研究

• 批准号: 09610016
• 负责人: KUSHIDA Hisaharu
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: EHIME UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610016/
• 关键词: Astrology; Jupiter; Mars; Saturn; Venus; Marcury; Prognostication; Zai-yi-shuo

Comparing "Wu-xing-zhan (***) ", whitch was discoverd in an ancient tomb in 1973, with "Gan-shi-zhan (***) ", "Shi-shi-zhan (***) ", "Shi-ji (**) ", "Huai-nan-zi (***) ", "Han-syu (**) ", "Hou-Han-shu (***) ", and "Jun-shu (**) ", it has become clear that divination "Wu-xing-zhan" coincides with the others. This means that the role of the five planets : Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Venus, and Marcury in prognostication had already become establisyed in the early years of the Han (*) Dynasty."Wu-xing-zhan", "Gan-shi-zhan", and "Shi-shi-zhan" are read as good omens, but there are few good omens in the chronicles for more six hundred years from the Western Han. Most tell of bad fortune : civil wars, famine, droughts, plagues, etc.Although all of the five plamets are personified, as a practical matter the four planets other than Mars did not fulfill function as a prophets. This was because the astrology of five planets had already become fixed as a means of political criticism. That is to say, astrology and prognostication using the five planets had evolved into criticism of the Establishment of Zai-yi-shuo (***) after it had lost its own rationle as fortune telling.In ancient China, criticizing the Establishment made made good use of pre-scientific astronomy, and through unscientific prognostication based on the five planets functioned well among this society of people. This gives another meaning to pre-scientific astronomy in ancient China, and it proves that ineffable thought in ancient China was no doubt rational at that time.

将1973年出土的“五行占“与“甘氏占”、“氏占”、“氏集”、“淮南子”、“寒暑”、“后寒暑”、“君暑”进行比较，显然，“五行占”与其他占卜相吻合。这意味着五颗行星：木星，火星，土星，金星和火星在天文学中的作用在汉朝初期就已经确立。“五行占”、“甘氏占”、“十氏占”都被解读为吉兆，但自西汉以来六百多年的历代志中，吉兆却很少。大多数人都说运气不好：内战，饥荒，干旱，瘟疫等。虽然所有的五个瘟疫都是人格化的，作为一个实际问题，四个行星以外的火星没有履行职能，作为一个先知。这是因为五个行星的占星术已经成为一种固定的政治批评手段。也就是说，星占、五行命理在失去了自己的命理之后，演变为对“宰一说”的批判。中国古代的“宰一说”批判，充分利用了科学前的天文学，通过非科学的五行命理，在民间发挥了作用。这就给中国古代的前科学天文学赋予了另一种意义，也证明了中国古代的不可言说的思想在当时无疑是理性的。

项目成果

串田久治: "『古代中國の「謠」と「予言」-「謠」の思想史的研究』" 株式会社 創文社, 320 (1999)

栉田久治：“中国古代的‘宇’与‘预言’——‘宇’的思想史研究”，总文社，320（1999）

Hisaharu KUSHIDA: "A Foundamental Research on Prognostication in "DONG-YAO" Those Based on Mars and Society of Ancient China" The Final Repert of Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), from '94 to '96. 1-70 (1997)

栉田久治：《基于火星的“东曜”预测与中国古代社会的基础研究》科学研究资助金最终报告（C），94年至96年。

串田久治: "劉向『新序』訳註(九)" 『愛媛国語国文』. 第48号. 50-59 (1998)

栉田久治：《刘向新序译注（九）》爱媛国语国文第48期50-59（1998）。