Genetical and morphological studies on the depression of fitness in Koshima troop of Japanese macaque

在1994年底（fisical），我们收集了血液样本，身体测量数据和X线数据的81个人的88个Koshima部队作为一个整体麻醉。全血标本经离心分离后，置于超低温冰箱（-80 ℃）中保存，分离出红细胞、白色细胞和血浆。用多位点遗传分析法（32个位点）检测了各个体血液蛋白的遗传变异。然而，由于小岛群体的遗传变异很低，没有发现任何亲子组合，因此我们尝试用人类微卫星DNA引物，通过微卫星DNA来寻找一些亲子组合。我们使用了18个人类preimer，发现了一些变异，但无法确定任何亲子组合。我们需要更多种类的前体或对某些种类的核DNA或线粒体DNA进行测序。这种遗传组成的一致性似乎是Koshima群体中个体之间高度血缘关系的证据。我们试图根据Wright（1931）和Morton（1933）的观点，通过群体近交系数增加与适合度下降之间的关系来估计适合度的有害基因，Crow and Muller（1956）.我们可以认为，有一些有害基因的健身作为致命的等价物。这一估计是根据渡边康博士总结的生态学和社会学数据进行的。形态学数据（身体代谢和X射线数据）的分析也由滨田洋博士代替木村教授进行。

In the end of 1994 (fisical) we collected blood samples, body measurement data and X-ray data from 81 of 88 individuals of Koshima troop as a whole under anesthesia. These individuals were recognized by maternal lineage.The whole blood samples were separated to red cell, white cell and plasma by centrifuge andkeeping in the super freezer (-80 C). Genetic variations of blood proteins of each individual were checked by multi-loci electrophoreses methods (32 loci). However, the genetic vatiations in the Koshima troop were very low and we could not find any paternity combinations.So we tried to find some paternity combination by microsateraite DNA using human microsateraite DNA primer. We were using 18 human preimer and found some variations but could not decide any paternity combinations. We need more kinds of preimer or sequensing some kinds of nuclear or mitochondria DNA.Such a uniformity of genetic constitution should seem to be evidence of high degree of blood relationships between individuals in Koshima troop.We tried to estimate the deleterious gene for fitness by the relationship between increasing of population inbreeding coefficient and decreasing of fitness according to Wright (1931) and Morton, Crow and Muller (1956). We can suggest that there are some number of deleterious genes for fitness as lethal equivalent. This estimation is done by the ecological and sociological data summarized by Dr.K.Watanabe.The analyzes of morphlogical data (body mesurements and X-ray data) are also under way by Dr.Y.Hamada as a substitute for Prof.T.Kimura.