Analysis of Molecular Basis for Gene-for-Gene Complementarity in Plant Diseases : Isolation of an Avirulence Gene from Phytophthora megasperma

植物病害基因间互补性的分子基础分析：从大精子疫霉中分离无毒基因

• 批准号: 06660044
• 负责人: YAMAOKA Naoto
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660044/
• 关键词: Phytophthora megasperma; gene-for-gene complementarity; avirulence gene; specific elicitor; soybean; receptor; receptor; elicitor; エリシター

Disease specificity in a particular combination between a given race and a plant cultivar is called as "race-cultivar specificity". This disease specificity is frequently controlled by gene-for-gene complementarity, in which resistance responses occur only when plant cultivars that express a dominant resistance gene are attacked by pathogen races that express a complementary a virulence gene. The interaction between soybean (Glycine max) and the fungal pathogen Phytophthora megasperma f.sp.glycinea is one of the best understood gene-for-gene plant-pathogen systems in which the processes leading to production of the phytoalexin glyceollin have been analyzed. Mycelial walls of the fungus have been shown to be potent elicitors of glyceollin accumulation, and their possible role in the induction of phytoalexin accumulation in infected plants has been suggested. However, neither specific elicitor explaining specificity between a soybean-cultivar and a race of P.megasperma nor avirulence gene of the fungus has been isolated. Thus, we have tried to isolate an avirulence gene of P.megasperma in this study. Unfortunately, we failed to achieve our final object : to isolate an avirulence gene from P.megasperma. However, we could reveal the existence of potential specific elicitor in intercellular fluid from P.megasperma rase1 infected soybean leaves (cv.Harosoy) to explain a specificity between the fungus and the plant. And also, we could show a structural model of how glucan elicitor is originally present in cell walls of P.megasperma and released by host beta-1,3-endoglucanase ; these data have been published in Plant Physiology (1995). Moreover, we could purify a glucan elicitor-binding protein from the membrane fraction of soybean root cells, and isolate its cDNA ; these data have been published in Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA (1997, in press).

给定种族和植物品种之间的特定组合的疾病特异性称为“种族-品种特异性”。这种疾病特异性通常受基因间互补性控制，其中仅当表达显性抗性基因的植物品种受到表达互补毒力基因的病原体种族攻击时，才会发生抗性反应。大豆 (Glycine max) 和真菌病原体 Phytophthora megasperma f.sp.glycinea 之间的相互作用是人们最了解的基因对基因植物病原体系统之一，其中对导致植物抗毒素甘油蛋白产生的过程进行了分析。真菌的菌丝壁已被证明是甘油蛋白积累的有效诱导子，并且它们在诱导受感染植物中植物抗毒素积累中可能发挥作用。然而，既没有分离出解释大豆品种和大豆小种之间特异性的特异性诱导子，也没有分离出该真菌的无毒基因。因此，我们在本研究中尝试分离P.megasperma的无毒基因。不幸的是，我们未能实现我们的最终目标：从P.megasperma 中分离出无毒基因。然而，我们可以揭示 P.megasperma rase1 感染的大豆叶 (cv.Harosoy) 细胞间液中潜在特异性诱导子的存在，以解释真菌和植物之间的特异性。此外，我们还可以展示葡聚糖引发剂最初如何存在于 P.megasperma 细胞壁中并由宿主 β-1,3-内切葡聚糖酶释放的结构模型；这些数据已发表在《植物生理学》（1995）上。此外，我们还可以从大豆根细胞的膜部分中纯化出葡聚糖激发子结合蛋白，并分离其cDNA；这些数据已发表在 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA（1997 年，出版中）。

项目成果

Umemoto et al.: "The Structure and Function of a Soybean β-Glucan-Elicitor-Binding Protein." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. (in press). (1997)

Umemoto 等人：“大豆 β-葡聚糖结合蛋白的结构和功能”，美国国家科学院院刊（1997 年）。

Umemoto et al.: "The Structure and Function of a Soybean beta-Glucan-Elicitor-Binding Protein." Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA. (in press).

Umemoto 等人：“大豆 β-葡聚糖-激发子结合蛋白的结构和功能。”

Okinaka et al.: "A Structural Model for the Mechanisms of Elisitor Release from FungalCell Walls by Plant beta-1,3-Endoglucanase." Plant Physiology. 109. 839-845 (1995)

Okinaka 等人：“植物 β-1,3-内切葡聚糖酶从真菌细胞壁释放 Elisitor 机制的结构模型”。

Umemoto et al.: "The Structure and Function of a Soybean β-Glucan-Elicitor-Binding Protein" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. (in press). (1997)

Umemoto 等人：“大豆 β-葡聚糖-激发子结合蛋白的结构和功能”，美国科学院院刊（1997 年）。

Okinaka et al.: "A Structural Model for the Mechanisms of Elistor Release from Fungal Cell Walls by Plant β-1,3-Endoglucanase." Plant Physiology. 109. 839-845 (1995)

Okinaka 等人：“植物 β-1,3-内切葡聚糖酶从真菌细胞壁释放 Elistor 的机制的结构模型。植物生理学”109. 839-845 (1995)