Effects of forest management on Japanese serow populations.

在日本北部青森县Wakinosawa村，研究了日本黑桫椤种群动态与生境条件的关系，特别是与阔叶林和针叶林的关系。森林采伐后15年，由于食物供应的改善，成熟森林的土壤密度（2-5 km<@D1-2@>D1）有所增加，达到15-18 km<@D1-2@>D1。针叶林幼林、落叶次生林幼林和中期次生林的积雪密度与植被覆盖度呈显著正相关。直接观察证实有114种取食植物，主要食物为阔叶落叶乔木的叶、细枝和草本植物的叶。高积雪密度（16.7(]SY.+- . [)2.5km<@D1-2@>D1）下16年的摄食习性变化不大，对植被的摄食压力较小。4 ~ 5月、11月和12 ~ 2月饲粮氮含量分别为4.3%、2.8%和1.2%。,分别。4 ~ 5月、11 ~ 12月和1 ~ 2月的粪氮含量分别为4.0%、2.9%、1.8%和1.4 ~ 1.5%。DNC与FNC呈显著正相关。由于雌雄配对的FNC相似，因此FNC可能反映了个体领地的质量。冬季对灌木的可利用性可以通过灌木基部1.5m高的减法区域来表示。基于个体识别和家庭范围分布，在已知数量的服务人员居住的区域（90公顷）测试了服务人员块计数的准确性。因此，只有在冬季5公顷的单位面积下，才能准确统计该地区的实际数量，而在其他条件下，实际数量被低估了。

Relationships between population dynamics of Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) and habitat conditions, especially clear-cutting and conifer plantations, were studied in Wakinosawa Village, Aomori Prefectre, northern Japan. Serow density (2-5 km<@D1-2@>D1) in mature forests increased 15 years after forest cutting, reaching 15-18 km<@D1-2@>D1, due to an improvement of food supply. A positive correlation between serow density and vegetation cover was noted for young conifer (Cryptomeria) plantations, young and midde-aged secondary forests of decidous trees. Direct observations of serow feeding behavior proved 114 feeding species of plants, and main foods of serows were leaves and twigs of broad-leaved deciduous trees and leaves of forbs. Little change of food habits through a 16 years under a highe serow density (16.7(]SY.+-。[)2.5km<@D1-2@>D1) showed a mild feeding pressure on vegetation. Dietary nitrogen contents (DNC) were 4.3%, 2.8% and 1.2% in Apr. -May, Nov. and Dec. -Feb. , respectively. Fecal nitrogen contents (FNC) were 4.0%, 2.9%, 1.8% and 1.4-1.5% in Apr. -May, Nov. , Dec. and Jan. -Feb. , respectively, and a positive correlation was found between the DNC and the FNC.Since the FNC of paired males and females were similar, the FNC may indicate quality of individual territory. Availabillty for serows in winter may be shown by a subtraction area at 1.5m high from basal area of shrubs. Accuracy of block count for serows was tested in an area (90 ha) inhabited by a known number of serows on the basis of individal identification and home range distributions. As the reslt, the actual number of serows inhabiting the area was accrately counted only for a unit size of 5 ha in winter, and the number was understimated under other conditions.