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ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND DIRECT INCOME SUPPORT POLICIES IN LESS FAVOURED AREA ; COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE EU AND JAPAN

不利地区的环境管理和直接收入支持政策；

基本信息

批准号：
06660288
负责人：
MATSUKI Yoichi
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
NIPPON VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660288/
关键词：
LESS FAVOURED AREA DIRECT INCOME SUPPORT POLICY DEPOPULATION MOUNTAINOUS AREA NATURE AND RURAL LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT DECOUPLING SUSTAINABLE AGRI-FOREST INDUSTRY REGIONAL POLICY 直接的所得補償方式デカップリング耕作牧棄地自然景観保全機能新規参入耕作放棄地

项目摘要

The EU has a special regional policy for sustaining farmers in less favored areas since 1975. According to the LFA directive (75/268), the less-favored areas can be distinguished in three groups ; (a) Mountain and hill areas, (b) Other less favored areas with infertile factors, (c) Small areas affected by specific handicaps. The share of the LFAs in the total agricultural area was 55% in 1991. To realized the objectives of the LFA policy, the EU subsidizes farmers in different ways ; by grants for investments and by compensatory allowances. According to the seriousness of the natural handicaps, direct income supports are provided per animal or per hectare.In Japanese equivalent of the European LFAs are the so-called "Chu-san-Kan-chiiki" or "Hilly Farming Areas" and "Mountainous Farming Areas". Japan has special regional policies for promoteing and revitalizing these areas. They are the Mountainous Village Development Act enforced in 1965, the Special Measures Law for Revitalization of Depopulated Areas revised in 1990 and the Law concerning the Promotion of the Improvement of Basic Conditions of Agriculture, Forestry and Other Businesses in Hilly and Mountainous Areas in 1993. One of main objectives of the polilcies is to conduct measures for hilly and mountainous areas. focusing on the promotion of industries, improvement of living conditions, and the maintenance and management of rural resources. So far Japanese LFA policies have no direct income support measures but rather industry promotion measures. Most of local governments, however, have introduced the decoupling measures to revitalize the depopulated and aged societies.Not only agricultural interest groups but also consumer groups strongly express the necessity of introducing the direct income support measures to central government policy.

自1975年以来，欧盟有一项特殊的区域政策，以支持欠发达地区的农民。根据LFA指令（75/268），较不利的地区可分为三类：（a）山区和丘陵地区，（B）其他有不育因素的较不利地区，（c）受特定障碍影响的小地区。1991年，地方农业区占农业总面积的55%。为了实现LFA政策的目标，欧盟以不同的方式对农民进行补贴;通过投资赠款和补偿性津贴。根据自然障碍的严重程度，按每头动物或每公顷提供直接收入支持。在日本，相当于欧洲LFA的是所谓的“Chu-san-Kan-chiiki”或“丘陵农业区”和“山地农业区”。日本有促进和振兴这些地区的特殊区域政策。它们是1965年实施的《山区村庄发展法》、1990年修订的《振兴人口稀少地区特别措施法》和1993年的《促进改善丘陵山区农业、林业和其他企业基本条件法》。这些政策的主要目标之一是在丘陵和山区采取措施。以振兴产业，改善生活条件，维护和管理农村资源为重点。到目前为止，日本的劳动力市场准入政策没有直接的收入支持措施，而是产业促进措施。然而，大多数地方政府都推出了脱钩措施来振兴人口减少和老龄化的社会。不仅是农业利益集团，而且消费者团体都强烈表示有必要将直接收入支持措施引入中央政府政策。