Cultural Ecology of Local Towns in a Multiethnic Nation : A Case Study of Malaysia.

多民族国家当地城镇的文化生态：马来西亚案例研究。

• 批准号: 07041024
• 负责人: NAGATA Junji
• 金额: $ 17.22万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo (1997)Komazawa University (1995-1996)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07041024/
• 关键词: Malaysia; cultural ecology; local town; multiethnic nation; urbanizaton; industrialization; urban-rural relationship; urban history; 都市発達; 都市計画; 都市開発; 土地利用; 土地所有; 土地・都市開発; 都市機能

Malaysia is a multiethnic nation which is composed of various kinds of ethnic groups such as Malays, Chinese, Indians, and Indonesians. These ethnic groups have developed many towns as a nodal place of local administration and economic and cultural activities since the colonial era through the process of nation building after independence. This study attached great importance to the role of local towns in the development process of Malaysian society and investigated the nature of local towns from cultural ecological viewpoints based on the intensive field syudies in some selected area.The evolutional process of urban centers in Malaysia is divided into three stages : (1) its infancy in the early colonial period, (2) the rapid growth under the colonial economy, (3) the development and transformation after independence, especially after the 1970s when the New Economic Policy was implemented. In the early colonial period we can see the involvement of not only Chinese immigrants but also wealthy Malay families in the formation of urban centers in such places as royal towns. However, under the expanding colonial economy the Malay communities never became important actors in the development of urban centers all over Malaysia. The situation has changed after independence, especially since the 1970s. Under the development policy of the government in which the Malays take the leadship, urban middle-class Malays have grown in number and begun to involve in the urban development actively. Under the colonial regine most of the urban population is Chinese. Now it is important to understand the mechanism of coexistence of various ethic groups, especially Malays and non-Malays, in the specific urban settings.

马来西亚是一个多民族国家，由马来人、华人、印度人和马来西亚人等各种民族组成。自殖民时代以来，通过独立后的国家建设进程，这些族裔群体发展了许多城镇，作为地方行政和经济文化活动的中心。本研究重视地方城镇在马来西亚社会发展过程中的作用，并在深入实地调研的基础上，从文化生态学的角度对地方城镇的性质进行了考察，将马来西亚城市中心的演变过程分为三个阶段：（1）殖民初期的萌芽，（2）殖民经济下的快速增长，（3）独立后的发展与转型，特别是20世纪70年代新经济政策实施后的发展与转型。在殖民地早期，我们可以看到，不仅中国移民，而且富裕的马来家庭也参与了皇家城镇等城市中心的形成。然而，在殖民经济扩张的情况下，马来社区从未成为马来西亚城市中心发展的重要参与者。独立后，特别是1970年代以来，情况发生了变化。在政府以马来人为主导的发展政策下，马来人的城市中产阶级人数不断增加，并开始积极参与城市发展。在殖民统治下，大部分城市人口是中国人。现在，重要的是要了解各种族群，特别是马来人和非马来人，在特定的城市环境中共存的机制。

项目成果

TACHIMOTO, Narifumi: "Symbiotic Dynamics of an Insular Community." Regional Views(地域学研究). 11. 1-21 (1997)

TACHIMOTO, Narifumi：“岛屿社区的共生动力”，11. 1-21 (1997)。

VOON,Phing Keong: "The Changing Human Ecology of Smallholding Agriculture in Malaysia" Komoguchi, Y.ed. : Human Ecology in Rural Malaysia. Institute for Applied Geography, Komazawa University, Tokyo. 3-15 (1995)

VOON,Phing Keong：“马来西亚小农农业不断变化的人类生态”Komoguchi，Y.ed。

KOMOGUCHI, Yoshimi: "Migration and Changing Occupationai Patterns of FELDA'S Settlers in Malaysia:A Case Study of Felda Ayer Hitam,Johor State." Regional Views(地域学研究). 9. 63-86 (1996)

KOMOGUCHI, Yoshimi：“马来西亚 FELDA 定居者的移民和变化的职业模式：柔佛州 FELDA Ayer Hitam 的案例研究。区域观点”。

TACHIMOTO, Narifumi: "Global Area Studies with Special References to the Malay or Maritime World." Southeast Asian Studies(東南アジア研究). 33・3. 469-483 (1995)

TACHIMOTO, Narifumi：“特别提及马来或海洋世界的全球区域研究”33・3（1995）。

TACHIMOTO, Narifumi: "Symbiotic Dynamics of an Insular Community" Regional Views(地域学研究). 11. 1-21 (1997)

TACHIMOTO, Narifumi：“岛屿社区的共生动力”区域观点。11. 1-21 (1997)