Comparative study on the resource management of peripheral area in Japan and Southeast Asia under the urbanization and industrialization of the society

东南亚现在正处于社会转型之中，日本在经济高增长时期也经历过这种转型。城市居民居住问题日益严重，农村农用地废弃和农业人口减少问题日益突出。随着经济的发展，国家土地利用的重组被认为是不可避免的，但不同社会的应对方式不同。外围地区的持续存在是高度发达的日本社会所面临的最难解决的问题之一。本研究以东南亚特别是马来西亚为例，重新审视了日本的周边地区问题。本研究以冲绳为研究区，考察1972年冲绳回归后生态社会系统的变迁。特别侧重于冲绳各岛屿地区的农业动态和农业政策。从冲绳回归到现在已经有30年了，冲绳的农业已经陷入了混乱。造成这种困惑的一个主要因素是日本政府对冲绳的农业政策主要基于一般的农业现代化理论，忽视了特定的社会生态环境和农民在这些环境下的复杂行为。迄今为止，日本政府的农业政策和区域发展政策为实现国家政策目标付出了巨大的努力。但是，如果我们重新审视日本的农业政策和区域发展政策，我们可以从已经转变的东南亚国家的农业政策和区域发展政策中学到很多东西，更加重视对现实的认识。

Southeast Asia is now in the midst of the social transformation, which was experienced in Japan at the time of high economic growth. In urban area the residential problem has become serious and in rural area the abandonment of the agricultural land and the reduction of agricultural population has become noticeable. The reorganization of the national land use with the economic development is considered to be inevitable but the way to deal with it is different by society. The continued existence of the peripheral area is one of the most difficult problems to be solved highly developed Japanese society is confronted with. This study reexamined the problem of peripheral area in Japan thinking of the case of Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia.This study chose Okinawa as the study area and examined the changing ecological-social systems after the reversion of Okinawa to Japanese control in 1972. The special focus was placed upon the dynamics of agriculture in the islands districts of Okinawa and agricultural policies. It has been about thirty years since the reversion of Okinawa and now the agriculture of Okinawa has fallen into confusion. One of the main factors of this confusion is that the Japanese government has executed the agricultural policies to Okinawa mainly based on general agriculture modernization theories making light of specific social and ecological environments and complex behaviors of farmers under these environments. Until now the agricultural policies and regional development policies of Japanese government has put a great deal of effort into realizing national policy objectives. But if we reconsider the agricultural policies and regional development policies of Japan we can learn much from those of Southeast Asian countries which has been converted to attach greater importance to the understanding of the reality.