Systematics and Biogeography of Chinese Bitterlings

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Systematics and Biogeography of Chinese Bitterlings were studied by 6 Japanese and 6 Chinese investigators in China from 1995 to 1996. In 1995, we went to Shanghai City, Zhejiang, Hubei, and Yunnan Provinces with Chinese investigators, where we studied classification, karyotypes and collected samples for DNA experiments. We also visited the Museum of Institute of Hydrobiology, Academia Sinica, Wuhan and the Museum of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Kunming, where we examined specimens of bitterlings from many places of China. In 1996, we went to Shanghai City, Liaoning, Shandong, Hubei and Zhejiang Provinces with Chinese investigators, where we studied classification, karyotypes and collected samples for DNA experiments. We also visited the Tianjin Natural History Museum, Tianjin and the Shandong University, Jinan with Chinese investigators, where we examined the type specimen of Pseudoperilampus monguonensis and bitterling specimens from Shandong Province.As the results … More of the Expedition from 1995 to 1996, following points were found : 1) Rhodeus atremius, which was considered as an endemic species to Japan, was found in Zhejiang Province, China. 2) A bitterling having n=23 was found for the first time in China (Ueda et al., in press). 3) Ag-NORs of Rhodeus lighti and Tanakia himantegus were studied (Ueda et al., in press). 4) It was found that Rhodeus lighti which was considered as an endemic species to China, and Rhodeus uyekii which was considered as an endemic species to Korea are junior synonym of a Chinese bitterling Rhodeus sinensis (Akai and Arai, in press). 5) Syntypes of Acheilognathus meridianus consist of two species. 6) Tanakia lanceolata, which was not reported in any paper and book in China, was discovered in Liaoning Province (Arai et al., 1995). 7) Tanakia species was collected for the first time from Shanghai City. 8) A bitterling which seems to spawn in the autumn was descovered for the first time in China. 9) The cephalic sensory canals and suborbital bones of 9 Chinese species including subspecies, 15 Japanese species including subspecies, 1 Korean species and 1 European species were studied. Adult specimens of some species have the cephalic sensry canals characteristic to the juveniles, suggesting speciation by peadomorphosis in bitterlings. Less