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Restoration of Agriculture in Pinatudo Laser Areas

皮纳图多激光区农业恢复

基本信息

批准号：
07044174
负责人：
NANZYO Masami
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07044174/
关键词：
Mt. Pinatubo Lahar Volcanic ash Corn Rice Controlled availability fertilizer Pioneer plant Agriculture

项目摘要

In 1991, Mt. Pinatubo, Phillipines erupted and a large amount of volcanic ash deposited in the Zambales Mountain Area. The deposit of volcanic ash is eroded down to the agricultural area of the Central Plain of Luzon as lahar in the rainy season. About 90,000 ha of agricultural and residential areas were affected by the lahar deposits and the hazard was still continuing in the rainy season of 1995.Survey of the lahar deposits and pioneer plants in the lahar-affected area was carried out in Bamban valley, Tarlac Province. The lahar deposits consist of almost pure volcanic ash. The rock type of the volcanic ash is dacitic to andesitic. The major mineral components are non-colored volcanic glass and feldspar. Qualtz, hornblend, magnetite, and biotite was included as minor minerals. Since the content of available phosphorus by Truog's method was as high as 50-60 mgP_2O_5/100g, apatite was considered to be included in the volcanic ash.Particle size distribution was coarse-sandy to silty. Although the silty materials contained 10 to 15% of clay, the major minerals in the clay fraction was volcanic glass. Very small amount of smectite, vermiculite and halloysite was also included in the clay fraction. The content of halloysite was highly variable.Major pioneer plant was wild sugarcane with lesser population of leguminous plants. Population of these pioneer plants was high in the far places from the major lahar stream and was low in the major stream where deposition and erosion is repeated frequently.Rice, corn, and peanut cultivation was examined using controlled-availability fertilizers (CAFs) in the concrete plots filled with lahar deposits. CAFs were effective for corn plants in the infertile and coarse-textured lahar deposits. In the rice plots, plant growth was not so good even in the CAFs plot due to iron deficiency.

1991年，Mt.菲律宾皮纳图博火山喷发，赞巴莱斯山区大量火山灰沉积。火山灰沉积物在雨季以火山灰的形式侵蚀到吕宋岛中原农业区。1995年雨季，约有9万公顷农业和居民区受到泥炭沉积的影响，灾害仍在继续。在塔拉克省班班谷，对受泥炭沉积影响地区的泥炭沉积物和先锋植物进行了调查。火山灰矿床由几乎纯净的火山灰组成。火山灰的岩石类型为英安岩-安山岩。主要矿物成分为无色火山玻璃和长石。QUALTZ、HornBlend、磁铁矿和黑云母被列为次要矿物。由于Truog法测得的有效磷含量高达50-60 mgP_2O_5/100g，因此认为火山灰中含有磷灰石，粒度分布为粗砂质至粉砂质。虽然粉质材料含有10-15%的粘土，但粘土部分的主要矿物是火山玻璃。粘土组分中还含有极少量的蒙皂石、蛭石和埃洛石。埃洛石含量变化较大，主要先锋植物为野生甘蔗，豆科植物种群较少。这些先锋植物的种群数量在远离主要拉哈尔河流的地方较高，在主要河流沉积和侵蚀频繁的主要河流中较低。在填充有拉哈尔沉积物的混凝土地块上，使用可控有效化肥(CAF)对水稻、玉米和花生的种植进行了试验。CAF对贫瘠和质地粗糙的Lahar矿床中的玉米植株是有效的。在水稻小区中，由于缺铁，即使是在CAFS小区，植株生长也不是很好。