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Basic Research on, Sexuality in Social Anthropology--A Theoretical Study of Fieldwork, Description, and Comparison

社会人类学中的性学基础研究--田野调查、描述与比较的理论研究

基本信息

批准号：
07301072
负责人：
MATSUZONO Makio
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of the proposed project was to explore the probable theories and methods of sexuality research in social and cultural anthropology. With this view we examined the following issues. 1.The nature of relationships between sexual behavior and sexual representations on the one hand and the total socio-cultural system of the society in question. 2.Theoretical issues concerning meanings, possibility, and limitations of sexuality research in anthropology. 3.Re-analysis and re-interpretation of the data that have been collected by each investigator of the project.We invited primatologists and female anthropologists to our meetings, which contributed greatly to academically productive, lively discussions. In summary, the following were what we have found out in the project.1.The past anthropological studies have paid disproportionate attention to sexually active people and have taken a cursory view of sexual behavior of juveniles and elderly people. It is difficult to discover the kind of relationships existing between sexuality and social organization or cultural values unless we investigate into sexual matters in connection with the whole life cycle of the society.2.Sexual behavior is closely related to gender relationships in the society. This is why the marital sexual behavior quite often influences the type of family planning method chosen by the husband and wife.3.There are societies where sexuality research is relatively easy for anthropologists while other societies present a variety of obstacles to such anthropologists. This difference derives from the sexual ideology and gender relationships that are closely united with the social and religious systems of the society.

该项目的目的是探索社会和文化人类学中性研究的可能理论和方法。带着这个观点，我们研究了以下问题。 1.一方面是性行为和性表征之间关系的性质，另一方面是有关社会的整个社会文化体系。 2.人类学性研究的意义、可能性和局限性的理论问题。 3.对项目每位研究者收集的数据进行重新分析和重新解释。我们邀请了灵长类动物学家和女性人类学家参加我们的会议，这极大地促进了学术上富有成效的、热烈的讨论。概括地说，我们在该项目中发现了以下几点：1.过去的人类学研究对性活跃人群的关注过多，对青少年和老年人的性行为的研究比较粗略。除非我们将性问题与社会的整个生命周期联系起来进行考察，否则很难发现性与社会组织或文化价值观之间存在什么样的关系。2.性行为与社会中的性别关系密切相关。这就是为什么婚姻性行为经常影响丈夫和妻子选择的计划生育方法的类型。3.在某些社会中，性研究对人类学家来说相对容易，而在其他社会中，人类学家则面临着各种障碍。这种差异源于与社会的社会、宗教制度紧密结合的性意识形态和性别关系。