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ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY ON DIRECTED CHANGE AND REGIONAL ADAPTATIONS IN KENYA

肯尼亚定向变革和区域适应的人类学研究

基本信息

批准号：
09041027
负责人：
MATSUZONO Makio
金额：
$ 12.54万
依托单位：
TOKYO METROPLITAN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Project carried out an anthropological research in six ethnic groups in Kenya (the Gusii, Isukha, Kipsigis, Kuria, Luo, and Mbere), regarding how these societies had been making themselves adjusted to the exogenous socio-cultural changes induced through various sorts of Government-initiated nation building policies. A part of the Project's findings is summarized as follows :1. Women's self-help groups that started in farming societies in 1980s have since tended more and more to function as positive recipients and campaigners of government policies. Their number is steadily increasing and they have become more and more diverse in their objectives and internal managements.2. Traditional gender relationships are still preserved intact, as seen in the labor organization of new local industries, the management of local self-help groups, and people's reactions towards modern family planning methods. Legal and judicial reform remains insufficient for eradicating the fixed, discriminatory … More gender relationships.3. Women's voluntary groups are generally more democratic in decision making process and they are far more open to outsiders in membership than men's or male dominated voluntary groups.4. Recently introduced multi-party system has brought a hightened political interest among Kenyan people, but at the same time it is instrumental for activating people's tribalistic sentiment, which would obstruct development of their national consciousness.5. Various Christian denominations have become an integral part of local culture since their introduction into colonial Kenya and more conspicuously so after Independence. Both the church administration and the interpretation of Christian dogmas and rituals are unique in each region, reflecting its indigenous culture and society.6. Village courts, or barazas, are formally outside of the national judicial system, but they are playing an important part as a subsidiary judicial apparatus particularly in terms of their arbitration by customary laws.The above findings are challenging to the future anthropological research in Africa. These findings urge that we rethink definitions of such key concepts as nation state, national culture and Africanization, as well as the relationship obtaining between the state and ethnicity. We shall continue our comparative research, expanding our horizons by delving into cultural changes that have occurred in connection with development projects and NGO's activities. Less

该项目对肯尼亚的六个族裔群体（Gusii、Isukha、Kipsigis、Kuria、Luo和Mbere）进行了人类学研究，研究这些社会如何使自己适应政府发起的各种建国政策所引起的外来社会文化变化。本项目的部分研究结果总结如下：1.自1980年代在农业社会中兴起的妇女自助团体以来，越来越多地成为政府政策的积极接受者和宣传者。它们的数量正在稳步增加，它们的目标和内部管理也越来越多样化。传统的性别关系仍然完好无损，这体现在新的地方产业的劳动组织、地方自助团体的管理以及人们对现代计划生育方法的反应上。法律的和司法的改革仍然不足以消除固定的、歧视性的、 ...更多信息性别关系。妇女志愿团体在决策过程中一般更民主，她们在成员资格方面比男子或以男子为主的志愿团体更开放。近年来实行的多党制在提高肯尼亚人民的政治利益的同时，也助长了人们的部落主义情绪，阻碍了他们民族意识的发展。各种基督教教派自被引入殖民地肯尼亚以来，已成为当地文化的一个组成部分，在独立后更是如此。每个地区的教会管理和对基督教教义和仪式的解释都是独特的，反映了其土著文化和社会。乡村法庭（barazas）虽然在形式上不属于国家司法系统，但作为一种辅助司法机构，特别是在根据习惯法进行仲裁方面发挥着重要作用。上述发现对非洲未来的人类学研究提出了挑战。这些发现促使我们重新思考民族国家、民族文化和非洲化等关键概念的定义，以及国家与种族之间的关系。我们将继续进行比较研究，通过深入研究与发展项目和非政府组织活动有关的文化变化来扩大我们的视野。少