インバース・マニュファクチャリング実現のための基礎研究

逆向制造的目的是实现产品生命周期的闭环系统(我们称之为逆向制造系统)，使材料和能源消耗、处理量和环境影响最小化。为了达到这一目的，本研究的目的包括：1.从技术、经济、文化、政治等多个方面综合发展逆向制造的基本理论；2.从技术、经济、文化、政治等多个方面对逆向制造的基本理论进行研究。为了阐明实现逆向制造系统的未来问题。逆向制造的概念包括以下两个显著特征：1.实现以重用为中心的产品生命周期闭环，而不是以回收为中心；2.非物质化；以产品功能的质量而不是产品的数量来满足社会需求。我们从四个角度讨论了这一基本概念，即1.构建逆向制造与经济和政治方面，2.生命周期设计，3.逆向制造的先进工艺技术，4.社会和文化评价。成功地提出了逆向制造系统的基本概念，展示了逆向制造系统的可实现性。这一讨论还表明，逆向制造最重要的技术发展是从整体角度对产品生命周期进行系统化的技术(例如，生命周期设计)，因为有很多基本技术(例如，面向拆卸的设计)，但没有这样的系统化技术。此外，还指出了以下两个未来需要解决的问题：1.评价。如何发展接受逆向制造系统的社会系统。要实现逆向制造系统，还需要进一步的研究和实践。

The purpose of the inverse manufacturing is to realize closed-loop product life cycle systems (we call them inverse manufacturing systems) that minimize material and energy consumption, amount of disposals, and environmental impacts. In order to achieve this purpose, the objective of this research includes ;1. to develop the basic theory of the inverse manufacturing from the integrated viewpoint of technical, economic, cultural, and political aspects, and2. to clarify future issues for realizing the inverse manufacturing systems.the concept of the inverse manufacturing includes the following two distinguished features ;1. realization of reuse-centered closed-loop of product life cycle rather than recycle-centered one2.dematerialization ; satisfying social needs by quality of products' functions rather than amount of products.We have discussed this basic concept from the four viewpoints ; namely, 1. framing inverse manufacturing and economic and political aspects, 2. life cycle design, 3. advanced process technologies for the inverse manufacturing, and 4. social and cultural evaluation. As a result, we have succeeded in proposing the basic concept and showing realizability of the inverse manufacturing systems. This discussion have also shown that the most important technological development for the inverse manufacturing is a technology for systematizing product life cycles from the holistic viewpoint (e.g., life cycle design) because there are a lot of elemental technologies (e.g., design for disassembly) but no such systematizing technologies. Moreover, the following two future issues are pointed out ;1. evaluation2. how to develop social system that accepts the inverse manufacturing systems. Furthe research and practice are needed in order to realize the inverse manufacturing systems.