APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID MEMBRANE AND MICROEMULSION TECHNOLOGIES TO BIOSEPARATION PROCESS

今年取得的成果如下：(1)为建立新型海水淡化系统，研制了乳状液膜系统装置，并对其特性进行了实验研究。(2)对D2EHPA萃取头孢氨苄和TOMAC乳酸萃取头孢氨苄进行了液膜系统分离有机酸和抗生素所必需的正向和反向萃取行为进行了实验和理论研究。(3)用含硝酸银的液膜分离多不饱和脂肪酸酯，证明了以温度梯度为驱动力的溶质上坡迁移的可能性。研究发现，制备的几种亲水性膜作为含有水溶液的支撑液膜是有效的。(4)澄清了红霉素在水相和有机相之间的分配行为，以及通过液体膜载体的转运机制。提出了提高红霉素浓缩率的方法。(5)制备的新型反胶束溶液能够识别活性蛋白的高阶结构，是蛋白质重折叠的有效场。(6)研究发现，在非离子表面活性剂形成的反胶细胞中加入功能分子可以提供蛋白质的选择性分离和功能反应场，而不会使酶变性。(7)实验研究了影响核糖体与变性蛋白相互作用的重要因素，发现核糖体诱导伴侣蛋白功能控制膜特性。(8)研究了新型反胶束体系对溶菌酶的正向和反向萃取行为，明确了有机相AOT浓度、水相pH和KCI浓度对溶菌酶正向和反向萃取行为的影响。同时，还证明了旋转分离器连续提取溶菌酶的稳定操作特性。(9)明确了AOT浓度、温度和乙醇添加量对AOT/异辛烷反相胶池正向和反向溶菌酶提取率的影响。搅拌池的快速分离浓缩结果为实际应用提供了可能。（10）研究了基于载体辅助转运的液膜系统在生物分离过程中的应用，分别采用D2EHPA转运赖氨酸和AOT/异辛烷反相胶细胞转运溶菌酶。结果表明，反萃取速率随时间的延长而降低，底物在液膜中积累。少

The following results were obtained this year.(1) For the establishment of novel desalination system, the apparatus using an emulsion liquid membrane system were developed, and their characteristics were investigated experimentally.(2) The behaviors of forward and backward extractions which are essential to the separation of organic acid and antibiotic using a liquid membrane system were experimentally and theoretically investigated for the extractions of cephalexin by D2EHPA and lactic acid by TOMAC.(3) For the separation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid ester using a liquid membrane containing silver nitrate, the possibility of uphill transport of the solute using the temperature gradient as a driving force was demonstrated. It was found that several hydrophilic membranes prepared are effective as a supported liquid membrane containing an aqueous solution.(4) The partitioning behavior of erythromycin between the aqueous and organic phases and the transport mechanism through the suppor … More ted liquid membRane were clarified. The method to improve the concentration rate of erythromycin was proposed.(5) It was found that a novel reversed micellar solution prepared can recognize the higher-order structure of an active protein and is effective field for the refolding of a protein.(6) It was found that the incorporation of a functional molucule in a reversed micell formed by a nonionic surfactant can provide the selective separation of a protein and a functional reaction field without denaturation of enzymes.(7) The important factors affecting the interaction between the ribosome and denatured protein were experimentally investigated, and it was found that the ribosome induces the chaperonin function controlling the membrane characteristics.(8) The forward and backward extraction behaviors of lysozyme by a novel reversed micellar system were investigated, and the effects of AOT concentration in the organic phase and pH and KCI concentration in the aqueous phase were clarified. Also, the stable operational characteristic of the continuous extraction of lysozyme with a rotating disccontactor was shown.(9) The effects of AOT concentration, temperature and the addition of alcohol on the forward and backward extraction rates of lysozyme by AOT/isooctane reversed micells were clarified. The results of rapid separation and concentration using the stirred cell suggested the possibility of the practical applications.(10) The application of liquid membrane system based on the carrier-assisted transpot to bio-separation process was investigated for the transport of lysine by D2EHPA and lysozyme by AOT/isooctane reversed micells. As a result, it was found that the backward extraction rate decreases with time and the substrates accumulate in the liquid membrane. Less