Historical comparative studies on the utilization of village forest (satoyama) between Japan and Southeast Asian countries

本研究的目的是从经济学、社会学和历史学的角度对日本与东南亚国家的社会经济结构进行比较研究。前者在其现代化进程中形成了先进的森林利用和保护，后者则因利用乡村森林而带来了森林的破坏（Satoyama）。针对这个问题，我们分析和考虑了以下几点。(1)明确了《Rinsei Hassho》的背景、作者、内容和意义。《Rinsei Hassho》是18世纪初撰写的琉球王国森林手册，其主要部分。(2)人工林经营是现代乡村森林利用的一种形式。从封闭经济和开放经济发展的角度，考察了近代森林经营特别是人工林经营的历史条件和局限性。(3)公地……More （iriai rinya）在前现代时期曾是乡村森林的中心部分，从而分析了公地消解的过程。(4) 20世纪60年代北上山山区瑞典农业的持续发展，通过对农民的直接调查揭示了瑞典农业的发展方式及其衰落。(5)从社会林业的推广政策和区域居民对乡村森林利用不足的情况出发，探讨了社会林业存在的问题及其发展方向。(6)泰国经济从20世纪80年代末开始高速增长，乡村和农业的状况发生了迅速的变化，农田造林引起了人们的重视。从农户林主、木材市场和苗木生产者三个角度调查了林场人工林的现状。通过这些分析，可以确定日本与东南亚国家在当前条件下的差异是结构性的历史发展阶段差异。这些结构受到土地所有制现代化、乡村森林农业或能源利用、现代木材工业和市场形成的制约。少

The purpose of this study is to make a comparative study of the Japanese socio-economic structure with those of Southeast Asian countries from points of views of economics, sociology and history. The former had formed her advanced forest utilization and conservation in her process of modernization, and the latter had brought forest destruction as a consequence of the utilization of village forest (Satoyama).Approaching this issue, we analyzed and considered following points. (1) The background, the author, contets and the significance of "Rinsei Hassho" was made clear, which was a forest manual of Ryukyuu Kingdom those main parts had written in the early 18th century. (2) Management of man-made forest is one of the forms of the utilization of village forest in the modern era. From a viewpoint of the progress of closed economy and open economy, the historical condition and those limitations of forest management, especially on man-made forest in the modern era, were examined. (3) Commons … More (iriai rinya) once placed a central part of village forest in pre-modern times, thus the process of dissolution of commons was analyzed. (4) Swidden agriculture had practiced continuously in the 1960s in the mountainous region of Kitakami, the way of it and its decline was revealed from the direct survey for farmers. (5) The problem of social forestry and its direction were examined from the spreading policy of social forestry and the situation of village forest under utilized by regional people. (6) Thai economy had shown a high growth rate from the late of 1980s and the state of village and agriculture had changed rapidly, and the tree plantation on farmland attracted considerable attention. The present situation of tree plantation was investigate from three points of views as farm household forests owner, timver market and seedling producer.From these analyzes, it is defined that differences between Japan and Southeast Asian countries under the present conditions are structural one of the historical stage of development. And those structures were subject to the modernization of land tenure system, the utilization of village forest for agriculture or energy use, and the formation of modern timber industry and market. Less