Historical comparative studies on the utilization of village forest (satoyama) between Japan and Southeast Asian countries

日本与东南亚国家村落森林（里山）利用的历史比较研究

• 批准号: 07306007
• 负责人: NARITA Masami
• 金额: $ 3.97万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07306007/
• 关键词: Village forest; Swidden agriculture; Commons; Preservation and Utilization of forest; Japan; Southeast Asian countries; Comparative study; 切替畑; マングローヴ; 都市近郊林

The purpose of this study is to make a comparative study of the Japanese socio-economic structure with those of Southeast Asian countries from points of views of economics, sociology and history. The former had formed her advanced forest utilization and conservation in her process of modernization, and the latter had brought forest destruction as a consequence of the utilization of village forest (Satoyama).Approaching this issue, we analyzed and considered following points. (1) The background, the author, contets and the significance of "Rinsei Hassho" was made clear, which was a forest manual of Ryukyuu Kingdom those main parts had written in the early 18th century. (2) Management of man-made forest is one of the forms of the utilization of village forest in the modern era. From a viewpoint of the progress of closed economy and open economy, the historical condition and those limitations of forest management, especially on man-made forest in the modern era, were examined. (3) Commons … More (iriai rinya) once placed a central part of village forest in pre-modern times, thus the process of dissolution of commons was analyzed. (4) Swidden agriculture had practiced continuously in the 1960s in the mountainous region of Kitakami, the way of it and its decline was revealed from the direct survey for farmers. (5) The problem of social forestry and its direction were examined from the spreading policy of social forestry and the situation of village forest under utilized by regional people. (6) Thai economy had shown a high growth rate from the late of 1980s and the state of village and agriculture had changed rapidly, and the tree plantation on farmland attracted considerable attention. The present situation of tree plantation was investigate from three points of views as farm household forests owner, timver market and seedling producer.From these analyzes, it is defined that differences between Japan and Southeast Asian countries under the present conditions are structural one of the historical stage of development. And those structures were subject to the modernization of land tenure system, the utilization of village forest for agriculture or energy use, and the formation of modern timber industry and market. Less

本研究从经济学、社会学和历史学的角度对日本与东南亚国家的社会经济结构进行比较研究。前者在现代化过程中形成了先进的森林利用和保护，后者则由于村林（里山）的利用而带来了森林的破坏。(1)明确了18世纪世纪初琉球王国主要部分所著的《林成散》的成书背景、作者、作者及意义。(2)人工林经营是现代乡村森林利用的形式之一。从封闭经济和开放经济的发展过程出发，分析了森林经营，特别是现代人工林经营的历史条件和局限性。(3)Commons ...更多信息 （入合林屋）曾经在前现代时期将村庄森林置于中心位置，从而分析了公地解体的过程。(4)20世纪60年代以来，在北上山区，刀耕火种的农业仍在继续，通过对农民的直接调查，揭示了刀耕火种的方式及其衰落的过程。(5)从社会林业的推广政策和乡村森林被当地居民利用的现状，探讨了社会林业存在的问题及其发展方向。(6)20世纪80年代末以来，泰国经济呈现高速增长，农村和农业状况发生了迅速变化，农田植树种植园引起了人们的极大关注。本文从农户林主、木材市场和苗木生产者三个方面对日本的种植园现状进行了调查分析，认为日本与东南亚国家在现状下的差异是历史发展阶段的结构性差异。而这些结构的形成则是以土地制度的现代化、村林的农业化和能源化、现代木材工业和市场的形成为前提的。少

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