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A study on assessment of personal exposures to hazardous chemical substances and health effects by using environmental monitoring continuously in hospitals.

通过医院持续环境监测评估个人危险化学物质暴露及健康影响的研究。

基本信息

批准号：
07407070
负责人：
KODA Sigeki
金额：
$ 0.96万
依托单位：
Kochi Medical School
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Although there are many hazardous chemicals affecting health care workers in hospitals, there are several chemicals ruled and regulated by Japanese OSHActs. ACGIH and U.S.NIOSH have proposed occupational exposure limits for preventing health hazards. But it is very difficult to assess short-time exposures for preventing acute health hazards. The authours have developed the methods on environmental monitoring concentrations of hazardous chemicals continuously, and evaluated exposures to these chemicals and their health effects.The results of environmental monitoring waste anesthetic gases suggest that it is not sufficient to merely adapt scavenging system in operating rooms, and working environmental controls should be required. Environmental concentrations of ethylene oxide can not be reduced under TLV-TWA by only managing general ventilation system, and there might be potential chronic health hazards. Some of work practices would expose workers to extremely high concentration of ethyl … More ene oxide. While formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde have been mainly used for cold sterilization process, these chemicals have been proposed short-time exposure or ceiling limits for preventing acute health hazards. The results of environmental monitoring near breathing zone of workers suggest that the short-time exposure values exceed ceiling limits in many work practices, and there might be potential acute health hazards. Several episodes among workers, like irritation of eyes, upper respiratory system and dermatitis related with exposures to these chemicals have been observed in this study. In order to assess not only the long-time but also the short-time exposure to these chemicals, environmental monitoring can provide us with important information, and data acquired in this study should be refereed to managing work practices and controlling working environments. Finally, the authors have proposed the guidelines on working environmental controls and safety working procedures for preventing health hazards related with exposures to these chemicals. Less

虽然有许多危险化学品会影响医院的医护人员，但日本职业安全与健康法案（OSHActs）对几种化学品进行了规定和监管。ACGIH和美国NIOSH提出了预防健康危害的职业接触限值。但是，很难评估短时间暴露以预防急性健康危害。作者不断发展危险化学品环境监测方法，评价了危险化学品的暴露及其对健康的影响，对麻醉废气的环境监测结果表明，手术室仅采用净化系统是不够的，应加强工作环境控制。在TLV-TWA下，仅通过管理一般通风系统不能降低环境中环氧乙烷的浓度，并且可能存在潜在的慢性健康危害。一些工作方法会使工人暴露在极高浓度的乙基 ...更多信息环氧乙烷。虽然甲醛和戊二醛主要用于冷灭菌过程，但已提出这些化学品的短期暴露或上限限值，以防止急性健康危害。工人呼吸区附近环境监测结果表明，在许多工作实践中，短期接触值超过上限，可能存在潜在的急性健康危害。本研究中观察到了与接触这些化学品有关的工人中的几次发作，如眼睛、上呼吸道系统刺激和皮炎。为了不仅评估长期接触这些化学物质的情况，还评估短期接触这些化学物质的情况，环境监测可以为我们提供重要信息，本研究中获取的数据应参考管理工作实践和控制工作环境。最后，作者提出了预防与接触这些化学品有关的健康危害的工作环境控制和安全工作程序指南。少