权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Molecular Studies on Dormancy, Fruit Development and Growth Regulation in Deciduous Fruit Trees

落叶果树休眠、果实发育和生长调控的分子研究

基本信息

批准号：
11306003
负责人：
IWAHORI Shuichi
金额：
$ 26.79万
依托单位：
University of Tsukuba
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Morphogenesis of fruit trees are quite important problems in fruit growing. But the biochemical studies, in particular the techniques of molecular biology, have been scarcely applied to clarify the physiological regulation of morphogenesis in fruit tree. Elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate the growth and development of fruit tree will enable to establish the epochal cultivation techniques. However, not only the studies directly using the fruit trees as material, but also the basic studies using the model systems will provide new insights into the fruit tree development and novel approaches to clarify the physiological phenomena which are important for fruit tree science.To clarify the mechanism of dormancy, we identified the genes differentially expressed in pea axillary buds after the release of apical dominance. In conclusion, the maintenance and the break of dormancy is regulated by the cross talk of phytohormones such as auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid.To clarify the mechanism of fruit coloring, we generated the in vitro assay system using the apple callus derived from flesh cells. Our results clearly demonstrated that the in vivo activity ofanthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes are controlled by the light conditions and the levels of mineral nutrients.With the aim of generating dwarf plants, we modified the level of gibberellin (GA), in transgenic plants by overproduction of a GA catabolic enzyme. Theses transformants showed dwarf or semi-dwarf. Stability and inheritance of these traits demonstrate the feasibility of genetic improvement of cereal crops by modulation of GA catabolism and bioactive GA contents.

果树形态建成是果树生长中的重要问题。但生化研究，特别是分子生物学技术，在阐明果树形态发生的生理调控方面应用较少。阐明果树生长发育的调控机制，将为果树制定划时代的栽培技术奠定基础。然而，不仅是直接以果树为材料的研究，而且是利用模型系统进行的基础研究，将为揭示果树发育的新见解和阐明对果树科学具有重要意义的生理现象提供新的途径。为了阐明休眠的机制，我们鉴定了豌豆顶端优势释放后腋芽中差异表达的基因。综上所述，苹果休眠的维持和打破受生长素、细胞分裂素和脱落酸等植物激素的串扰调节。为了阐明果实着色的机理，我们以苹果果肉细胞愈伤组织为材料建立了体外检测系统。我们的结果清楚地表明，体内花青素生物合成酶的活性受光照条件和矿质营养水平的控制。为了获得矮秆植株，我们通过过量生产GA分解代谢酶来改变转基因植株中GA的水平。这些转化子表现为矮化或半矮化。这些性状的稳定性和遗传性证明了通过调节GA分解代谢和生物活性GA含量进行谷类作物遗传改良的可行性。