Studies on the speciation and varietal differentiation in gentian garden species, especially through investigating flower color and pigment, and chromosome

研究龙胆花园物种的物种形成和品种分化，特别是通过研究花的颜色和色素以及染色体

• 批准号: 07456013
• 负责人: ENDO Motonobu
• 金额: $ 4.67万
• 依托单位: Iwate University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07456013/
• 关键词: gentian; Gentiana triflora; Gentiana scabra; flower color; flower pigment; delphinidin; chromosome number; pollen fertility; 花色素分析

1.Gentian cultivars, selected strains (Gentiana triflora, G.scabra), wild G.triflora and foreign species of Gentiana were collected.2.Distribution of flower color and pigmenta total of 61 varieties was investigated. (1) Flower colors varied from purplish blue to red purple in the visual observation with color chart. They were classified into blue-and pink-colored groups. Each of these groups had small range of hue with wide range of chroma by the colorimetric method.(2) Based on anthocyanin constitution, material plants of blue-colored group were divided into 5 types, 3 (I,II,III) from delphinidin-containing anthocyanins and 2 (IV,V) from both delphinidin- and cyanidin-containing ones. Those of pink-colored group formed one type from cyanidin-containing ones. (3) In I type-cultivars four anthocyanins were purified and identified, and one of them, gentiodelphin, had the highest content. (4) Velvety corolla lobes of some blue-colored materials were observed histologically, and velvety expression didn't relate to shape of epidermal cells. (5) For the purpose of investigating the inheritance of flower colors and pigments, crossing experiment using blue-, pink-and white-colored cultivars and strains were performed. Seedlings were grown, but they didn't flower within the term of this project. This investigation was limited to preparing its material plants.3.Cytological chracteristics(1) Somatic chromsome numbers : all 14 varieties of selected strains were the same diploid as previous reports. Among 14 cultivars 11 were diploid and 2 triploid. Those of 6 foreign species differed from previous reports and those of 3 were the first reports. (2) Pollen fertility : values varied widely among the examined plants of some strains in wild G.triflora and selected strains. There were marked differences among 14 cultivars and among 13 foreign species.

1.收集了龙胆属植物的栽培品种、优良品系（三花龙胆、糙龙胆）、野生三花龙胆和外来种。2.调查了61个品种的花色和色素分布。(1)用色卡观察，花色从紫蓝色到红紫色不等。他们被分为蓝色和粉红色的群体。比色法测得各组的色相范围小，彩度范围大。(2)根据花色苷的组成，将蓝色组的材料分为5类，其中3类（I、II、III）为含翠雀花色素的花色苷，2类（IV、V）为同时含翠雀花色素和花青素的花色苷。粉红色组与含花青素组形成一类。(3)在I型品种中，分离鉴定了4种花色苷，其中龙胆花青苷含量最高。(4)部分蓝色材料的花冠裂片在组织学上呈绒状，绒状的表达与表皮细胞的形状无关。(5)为了研究花色和色素的遗传规律，采用蓝、粉、白花色品种和品系进行杂交试验。幼苗生长，但他们没有花在这个项目的期限。3.细胞学特征：（1）体细胞染色体数目：所选14个品种均为二倍体。14个品种中，二倍体11个，三倍体2个。其中6种与以往报道不同，3种为首次报道。(2)花粉育性：野生三花龙胆和选育品系的部分品系的花粉育性值在所检测的植株间差异很大。14个品种间和13个外来种间差异显著。