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An Overall Research and Historico-geographical Study on the Existing Documents Concerning Applications for Water-mills and for Hydroelectric Stations

现有水磨水电站应用文献的总体研究和历史地理研究

基本信息

批准号：
07458021
负责人：
SUEO Yoshiyuki
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
Kansai University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07458021/
关键词：
Applications for water-mills Applications for hydroelectric stations

项目摘要

Since water-mills were taxable objects, setting and disposal of water-mills were controlled by law. Those who operated water-mills in the way of business had been obligated to place an application for setting or disposal of water-mill. Those applications placed have been generally preserved in the prefectural offices for good. So, by studying those documents we can trace year by year the development and utilization of hydraulic resources by the use of water-mills.As for the state of preservation of the documents, those in the prefectures of Tokyo, Ishikawa, Kyoto, and Gumma are in an excellent state. To our great disappointment, no documents have been preserved in the prefectures of Nagano, Gifu, Niigata, and Yamanashi, where presumably a lot of water-mills one existed. Was it too much trouble for the officers in charge to handle properly too many applications?In most cases, the purpose of setting a water-mill was to use it for processing rice or for grinding grain to fine powder. Other exapmles were for spinning, twisting, sawing, and pulverizing porcelain clay. A remarkable example of a water-mill is found in an application for a boat-mill, a flour mill to be set floating on the stream of Tonegawa River in Saitama Prefecture.In many places the existence of a mill made trouble with the use of water for irrigation and ferry service.Since it was obligatory for one who planned to establish a hydroelectric business, there were a lot of applications placed in the Meiji and Taisho Eras extant in such prefectures as Ishikawa, Miyazaki, Niigata, and others. Because the hydroelectric business was an enterprise which needed a lot of capital money, enterpreneurs of Tokyo and Osaka were very active behind the scene all over the country and often made trouble with the local planners.

由于水磨是征税对象，水磨的设置和处置受法律控制。那些以商业方式经营水磨的人有义务申请设置或处理水磨。这些申请一般都被永久保存在县政府办公室。因此，通过研究这些文献，我们可以逐年追溯利用水磨开发和利用水力资源的情况。关于文献的保存状况，东京都、石川、京都、群马县的文献保存状况最好。令我们非常失望的是，在长野县、岐阜县、新泻县和山梨县，没有保存任何文件，那里可能有很多水磨。负责人员要妥善处理太多申请，是否太麻烦？在大多数情况下，设置水磨的目的是用它来加工大米或将谷物磨成细粉。其他的例子是纺纱，扭，锯，粉碎瓷土。在琦玉县利根川川上，有一家水上面粉厂，申请建造一个水上面粉厂。在许多地方，由于面粉厂的存在，灌溉用水和渡轮服务都遇到了困难。由于计划建立水力发电企业的人必须这样做，在明治和大正时期，在诸如石川、宫崎、新泻等县存在大量申请。由于水力发电是一项需要大量资金的事业，东京和大坂的企业家在全国各地都非常活跃，经常与当地的规划者发生麻烦。