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Historico-Geographical Research on the Cultural Contacts between South-West Asia and South-Eastern Europe.

西南亚与东南欧文化接触的历史地理学研究。

基本信息

批准号：
03041083
负责人：
SUEO Yoshiyuki
金额：
$ 10.24万
依托单位：
Kansai University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-03041083/
关键词：
Water-mill Wind-mill Textile instruments Water-raising wheel Irrigation by wind-mill Folk utensils Folk garments Historic private house 畜力揚水車農具

项目摘要

Both South-west Asia and South-eastern Europe have, from early times, the characteristic of a corridor, through which the races and cultures of these two areas passed cross-currently. And besides, South-eastern Europe having been once ruled for about 200 years by the Ottoman Empire, there can still be seen a notable similarity in the material cultures of those areas. The aim of our present research was to investigate, from the point of view of historical geography, such similarties as was effected by cultural contacts and as might be detected in the fundamental material cultures of these two areas, making full use of literature, research materials, and on-the-spot finds as a clue.We made it our chief objective first to confirm Turkish elements in Turkey and then to discover and educe such elements in South-eastern Europe, discernible in particular in flour-milling, textile-producing, and irrigation techniques and folk garments and utensils, and historic private houses. The areas covered by our research team were Turkey, Hungary, Bulgaria and Crete Island.From the results of the research, it is generally to be said that in South-Eastern Europe Turkish elements are more noticeable in the south, but less in the north. In Bulgaria and Crete Island, Turkish cultural elements subsist and clearly noticeable in flour-milling and in folk garments and utensils, while in Hungary Turkish cultural elements have been completely wiped out under the Habsburg rule and its cultural influence, and flour-milling, textile-producing, and irrigation techniques in use there are rather of Germanic nature. Our single find of Turkish nature might be a horse-driven noria, water-raising wheel, but that was called "Bulgar wheel" named after Bulgaria. Well-known wind-mills employed for irrigation in Lassithi District, Crete Island, are Crete origine because idea to use wind for watering was developed by an ingenious Cretan about 100 years ago.

西南亚和东南欧自古以来就具有走廊的特点，两个地区的种族和文化在此交汇。此外，东南欧曾被奥斯曼帝国统治约200年，这些地区的物质文化仍然存在显着的相似性。我们本次研究的目的，就是要充分利用文献、研究资料和现场发现等为线索，从历史地理学的角度来考察这两个地区的文化接触所造成的、在基本物质文化中可能发现的相似之处。我们的首要目标是首先在土耳其确认土耳其元素，然后在东南欧，特别是在东欧国家中发现和推导这些元素。面粉磨坊、纺织品生产、灌溉技术以及民间服装和器具，以及历史悠久的私人住宅。我们研究团队覆盖的地区是土耳其、匈牙利、保加利亚和克里特岛。从研究结果来看，总体来说，在东南欧，土耳其元素在南部比较明显，而在北部则较少。在保加利亚和克里特岛，土耳其文化元素仍然存在，并在面粉加工、民间服装和器皿中明显可见，而在匈牙利，土耳其文化元素在哈布斯堡王朝的统治及其文化影响下已被彻底消灭，所使用的面粉加工、纺织生产和灌溉技术颇具日耳曼性质。我们在土耳其大自然中的唯一发现可能是一种马拉的诺里亚（noria）提水轮，但它被称为“保加利亚轮”，以保加利亚命名。克里特岛拉西蒂区著名的用于灌溉的风车起源于克里特岛，因为大约 100 年前，一位聪明的克里特岛人提出了利用风来灌溉的想法。