ANALYSIS OF OCCURRENCE OF TURFGRASS DISEASES AND ESTABLISHMENT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

本研究的目的是分析草坪草病虫害发生情况，建立草坪草病虫害综合治理体系。准确鉴定病原菌对草坪草病害的初步诊断和保护草坪草免受病害的危害至关重要。通过对草皮的仔细观察和随后的病原微生物DNA分析，发现了5种新的疾病及其致病病原体。应用分离技术，分析了草地重大病害病原菌种群的季节消长规律。此外，利用图像分析软件开发了一种新的计算机化评估系统来评估毛皮草疾病的严重程度。这些结果有助于选择适当的农药和确定适当的农药喷洒时间。对几个高尔夫球场向外界溪流和河流释放商业农药的调查显示，一些化学物质在施用后很容易通过地下水从高尔夫球场释放出来。为尽量减少高尔夫球场的农药释放量，采用低浓度、低喷量的杀菌剂防治各种病害。结果表明，施用较低浓度和喷雾量的杀菌剂对几种严重病害的防治效果显著。因此，在疾病发生的最初阶段，适当地使用低浓度的杀菌剂和少量的水，可以有效地减少草坪草管理中杀菌剂的使用，并最大限度地减少高尔夫球场农药的释放。此外，在草坪地面上施用几种促生真菌和我的根根真菌，或用植物激素与肥料的平衡混合处理草坪草，促进了草坪草的生长，从而显著减少了疾病的发生。此外，一些市售的拮抗微生物配合物被证明对防治美元斑病和褐斑病有很好的效果。利用这些基础研究成果，大大提高了草坪病虫害综合治理计算机软件程序的准确性。这个计算机程序现在在这个国家大约600个高尔夫球场使用。少

The purposes of this research were analysis of occurrence of turfgrass diseases and establishment of integrated pest management system for turfgrasses. Accurate identification of causal pathogens is esseantial for initial diagnosis of diseases and protection of turfgrasses from damages by the diseases. The careful observation of turf and the subsequent DNA analyzes of pathogenic microbes revealed 5 new diseases and their causal pathogens. Seasonal fluctuation concerning population of pathogens causing serious diseases in turfg was analyzed by applying the isolation techniques. Furthermore, a novel, computerized evaluation system to assess the severity of furfgrass diseases was developed by using an image analysis soft program. These results contribute to selection of adequate pesticides and decision of proper times of pesticide spray. Survey on release of commercial pesticides from several golf courses into outside streams and rivers revealed that some chemicals were readily released f … More rom golf courses through ground soil water after application. To minimize the amount of pesticides released from golf couses, low concentrative spray application and low spray volume of fungicides were attempted to control various diseases. Results indicated that application of lower concentrations and spray volumes of all test fungicides gave conspicuous effects to control several serious diseases. Thus, an adequate spot application of low cocentration of fungicides with a less amount of water in initial stages of disease occurrence effectively reduces the usage of fungicides for turfgrass management and mimimizes release of the pesticides from golf courses. Furthermore, application of several plan-growth-promoting fungi and my corrhizal fungi into turf ground or treatment of turfgrasses with the balanced mixtures of plant hormones and fertilizers promoted groeth of turfgrasses, resulting in remakable reduction of disease occurrence. In addition, some commercially available antagonistic microbe complexes were proved to have great effects control dollar-spot and brown patch diseases. Using these basic research results, accuracy of the computer soft program for the integrated pest management of turf was improved tremendously. This computer program is now used in approximately 600 golf courses in this country. Less