ANALYSIS OF OCCURRENCE OF TURFGRASS DISEASES AND ESTABLISHMENT OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

草坪病害发生分析及病虫害综合治理体系的建立

• 批准号: 07556015
• 负责人: KUNOH Hitoshi
• 金额: $ 9.92万
• 依托单位: MIE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07556015/
• 关键词: Turfgrass; Integrated pest management of turf; Biocontol of turfgrass diseases; Release of persticides from golf courses; New turfgrass diseases; Plant growth promoting fungi; Antagonistic microbe complexes; Computerized assessment system of diseas

The purposes of this research were analysis of occurrence of turfgrass diseases and establishment of integrated pest management system for turfgrasses. Accurate identification of causal pathogens is esseantial for initial diagnosis of diseases and protection of turfgrasses from damages by the diseases. The careful observation of turf and the subsequent DNA analyzes of pathogenic microbes revealed 5 new diseases and their causal pathogens. Seasonal fluctuation concerning population of pathogens causing serious diseases in turfg was analyzed by applying the isolation techniques. Furthermore, a novel, computerized evaluation system to assess the severity of furfgrass diseases was developed by using an image analysis soft program. These results contribute to selection of adequate pesticides and decision of proper times of pesticide spray. Survey on release of commercial pesticides from several golf courses into outside streams and rivers revealed that some chemicals were readily released f … More rom golf courses through ground soil water after application. To minimize the amount of pesticides released from golf couses, low concentrative spray application and low spray volume of fungicides were attempted to control various diseases. Results indicated that application of lower concentrations and spray volumes of all test fungicides gave conspicuous effects to control several serious diseases. Thus, an adequate spot application of low cocentration of fungicides with a less amount of water in initial stages of disease occurrence effectively reduces the usage of fungicides for turfgrass management and mimimizes release of the pesticides from golf courses. Furthermore, application of several plan-growth-promoting fungi and my corrhizal fungi into turf ground or treatment of turfgrasses with the balanced mixtures of plant hormones and fertilizers promoted groeth of turfgrasses, resulting in remakable reduction of disease occurrence. In addition, some commercially available antagonistic microbe complexes were proved to have great effects control dollar-spot and brown patch diseases. Using these basic research results, accuracy of the computer soft program for the integrated pest management of turf was improved tremendously. This computer program is now used in approximately 600 golf courses in this country. Less

本研究的目的是分析草坪病害的发生情况，建立草坪病虫害综合防治体系。准确识别致病病原体对于疾病的初步诊断和保护草坪免受疾病的损害至关重要。对草坪的仔细观察以及随后对病原微生物的 DNA 分析揭示了 5 种新疾病及其致病病原体。应用分离技术分析了引起草坪严重病害的病原菌种群的季节变化。此外，通过使用图像分析软件程序开发了一种新颖的计算机化评估系统来评估糠草病害的严重程度。这些结果有助于选择适当的农药并决定适当的农药喷洒时间。对几个高尔夫球场向外部溪流和河流释放商业农药的调查显示，一些化学物质在施用后很容易通过地下水从高尔夫球场释放出来。为了最大限度地减少高尔夫球场的农药释放量，人们尝试低浓度喷洒杀菌剂和低喷洒量来控制各种病害。结果表明，所有试验杀菌剂的施用浓度和喷雾量较低，对控制几种严重病害效果显着。因此，在病害发生初期，以少量的水和低浓度的杀菌剂进行适当的定点施用，可以有效减少草坪管理中杀菌剂的使用量，并最大限度地减少高尔夫球场中农药的释放。此外，在草坪中施用多种促生真菌和菌根真菌或用植物激素和肥料的均衡混合物处理草坪，可促进草坪草的生长，从而显着减少病害的发生。此外，一些市售的拮抗微生物复合物被证明对防治美元斑病和褐斑病具有良好的效果。利用这些基础研究成果，草坪病虫害综合治理计算机软件程序的准确性得到了极大的提高。该计算机程序现已在该国大约 600 个高尔夫球场使用。较少的

项目成果

Hitoshi KUNOH,Emi INOUE and Issei KOBAYASHI: "Biocontrol of dollarspot disease by using commercial, antagonistic microbe complexes (2). Growth of the pathogen on complex-amended media." Journal Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science. Vol.25, No.2. 129-135

Hitoshi KUNOH、Emi INOUE 和 Issei KOBAYASHI：“通过使用商业拮抗微生物复合物对美元斑病进行生物防治 (2)。病原体在复合物改良培养基上的生长。”

久能 均 他: "市販の微生物資材を利用したダラ-スポット病の生物防除(1)防除効果の室外、圃場検定" 芝草研究. 25. 121-128 (1997)

Hitoshi Kuno 等人：“使用市售微生物材料对鳕鱼斑病进行生物防治 (1) 防治效果的室外和现场测试”Turfgrass Research 25. 121-128 (1997)。

藤田 百合子・一谷 多喜郎: "薬剤耐性 Pythium vanterpooliiの土壌中における卵胞子の形成" 日本菌学会報. 36. 168-169 (1995)

Yuriko Fujita 和 Takiro Ichitani：“抗药性范特普尔腐霉土壤中卵孢子的形成”日本真菌学会通报 36. 168-169 (1995)。

Ge, L.P., Ichitani, T.et.al.: "Two Pythium diseases occurred on wintergrasses." Journal Japanese Society of Turfgrass Science. 24. 5-12 (1995)

Ge, L.P., Ichitani, T.et.al.：“两种腐霉菌病发生在冬草上。”

吉本 玲子: "植物病原菌類に対する放線菌の拮抗作用に関する研究(第7報) Pythium菌に対する拮抗作用(3)" 石川農業短期大学研究報告. 27. 1-4 (1997)

吉本玲子：“放线菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗作用研究（第7次报告）对腐霉真菌的拮抗作用（3）”石川农学院研究报告27. 1-4（1997）。