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Molecular Mechanism of Signal Transfer at Plant-Parasite Interfaces.

植物-寄生虫界面信号传递的分子机制。

基本信息

批准号：
01304014
负责人：
KUNOH Hitoshi
金额：
$ 13.7万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present study aimed the molecular biological investigation of the plant-pathogen interactions on the basis of cytological and physiological analyses. The cytological studies using barley coleoptiles at cellular level revealed that host cells recognized the presence of a pathogen prior to its penetration and that cytoskeleton in host cells might be involved in this recognition mechanism. The toxin of the rice blast fungus was proved to cause the leakage of electrolytes from rice cells. The molecular structure of ACT toxin of tangerine brown spot fungus was similar to that of AK and AF toxins. These results suggest that host-specific toxins might play a role as a signal for triggering pathogenicity of the pathogen. A suppressor released from the pea brown spot fungus was shown to inhibit ATPase of host plasma membranes specificaly, and thus successfully delay the expression of host defense reaction. Physiological analyses of potato-Phytophthora infestans system revealed that Ca^<++>, … More O_<2^-> and protein kinase might be related to induction of host defense responses. Together with other studies concerning lignin formation and detection of peroxidated lipids, all these results promoted our understanding of some aspects of the resistance mechanism of plants. A separate gene analyses indicated that resistant genes of avena for crown rust was closely linked with susceptible genes of victorin. Several molecular biological techniques were established during the present study : the gene manipulation technique of the pear brown spot fungus and the transformation technique for barley coleoptiles using a microinjection method. In the soybean-Phytophthora megasperma system, cDNA of an elicitor gene responsible for a resistant response of bean was successfully cloned. The resistance to this fungus was evidently enhanced in tobacco plants which had been transformed by introduction of this gene. Moreover, CMV-resistant melon plants were regenerated from melon leaves infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenesis previously transformed by introduction of CMV-resistant gene. All these results greatly enhanced our knowledges on the events occurring at the parasite-host interfaces. Less

本研究在细胞学和生理学分析的基础上，对植物与病原菌相互作用进行分子生物学研究。利用大麦胚芽鞘在细胞水平上进行的细胞学研究表明，宿主细胞在病原体渗透之前就能识别病原体的存在，而宿主细胞中的细胞骨架可能参与了这一识别机制。经证实，稻瘟病菌的毒素可引起水稻细胞中电解质的渗漏。柑桔褐斑病真菌ACT毒素的分子结构与AK和AF毒素相似。这些结果表明，宿主特异性毒素可能作为触发病原体致病性的信号发挥作用。从豌豆褐斑病真菌中释放的一种抑制因子可以特异性抑制宿主质膜上的atp酶，从而成功延缓宿主防御反应的表达。马铃薯-疫霉系统的生理分析表明Ca^<++>，…More O_<2^->和蛋白激酶可能与诱导宿主防御反应有关。这些结果与木质素形成和过氧化脂质的检测等方面的研究一起，促进了我们对植物抗性机制的某些方面的认识。一项单独的基因分析表明，冠锈病的抗性基因与冠锈病的易感基因密切相关。本研究建立了梨褐斑菌的基因操作技术和大麦胚芽组织的显微注射转化技术。在大豆-巨芽疫霉系统中，成功克隆了一个引起大豆抗性反应的启动子基因cDNA。引入该基因的烟草植株对该真菌的抗性明显增强。此外，通过导入cmv抗性基因，将根生农杆菌感染的甜瓜叶片转化为具有cmv抗性的甜瓜植株。所有这些结果极大地增强了我们对寄生-宿主界面发生的事件的认识。少