Studies of surfactants by employing the protoplast system.

本研究的目的是检查的原生质体系统的适用性测试的各种表面活性剂对活细胞的影响。用4种非离子表面活性剂和2种阴离子表面活性剂处理黄瓜叶片和黄瓜炭疽菌Colletotrichum lagenarium菌丝的原生质体。测试的非离子表面活性剂分为2组的基础上，他们的影响：其中2个没有给任何可检测到的影响，黄瓜和真菌原生质体，而其他2个引起的原生质体肿胀，然后由他们的爆裂。因此，后者2可能干扰质膜的通透性。两种阴离子表面活性剂在处理开始后立即引起原生质体的突然破裂，表明它们直接破坏质膜结构。各表面活性剂对细胞器膜的影响各不相同：特别是线粒体嵴和叶绿体基粒的膜对某些表面活性剂敏感。黄瓜完整的子叶与各自的表面活性剂的治疗表明，覆盖子叶表面的角质层抑制一些表面活性剂的渗透性。因此，当完整的子叶处理与各自的表面活性剂，子叶细胞不受大多数表面活性剂。然而，当剥离表皮的下表面没有角质层处理，它们的细胞反应类似于原生质体。当真菌孢子用表面活性剂处理时，得到类似的结果。这些结果表明，细胞壁的存在可能不是表面活性剂渗透性的负面因素。总之，原生质体系统是一个适当的敏感系统，用于分析表面活性剂对活细胞的直接细胞学效应，尽管制备原生质体需要时间和劳动力。然而，表面活性剂通过铜的渗透性应通过单独的方法进行检查。

The present study aimed to examine the suitability of the protoplast system for testing effects of various surfactants on living cells. Protoplasts prepared from cucumber leaves and hyphae of cucumber anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum lagenarium, were treated with 4 nonionic and 2 anionic surfactants. Test nonionic surfactants were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their effects: 2 of them did not give any detectable effects to both cucumber and fungus protoplasts, while other 2 caused swelling of protoplasts, followed by their bursting. Thus, the latter 2 perhaps interfere with permeability of plasma membrane. Two anionic surfactants caused the sudden bursting of protoplasts immediately after the onset of treatment, suggesting that they way directly damage the structure of plasma membrane. The effects of the respective surfactants on membranes varied among organelles: especially membranes of mitochondrial cristae and chloroplast granae were sensitive to some surfactants . The treatment of intact cotyledons of cucumber with the respective surfactants revealed that the cuticle layer covering the cotyledon surfaces suppressed the permeability of some surfactants. Therefore, when intact cotyledons were treated with the respective surfactants, cotyledon cells were not affected by most surfactants. However, when the lower surfaces of stripped epidermises which had no cuticle were treated, their cells responded similarly as protoplasts. Similar results were obtained when spores of the fungus were treated with the surfactants. These results suggest that the presence of cell walls may not be a negative factor for permeability of the surfactants. In conclusion, the protoplast system is a propers sensitive system for analyzing the direct, cytological effects of surfactants on living cells, although time and labor are required for preparing protoplasts. However, the permeability of surfactants through cuticles should be examined by a separate method.