Study on development of comprehensive measurement system for evaluating "the environmental fluxes"in farmland

农田“环境通量”综合评价系统开发研究

• 批准号: 07556105
• 负责人: HORINO Haruhiko
• 金额: $ 2.05万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07556105/
• 关键词: Transpiration; AE; Soil Moisture; Water Quality; Load; Runoff Component; Heat Flow; Water Flow; 土壌成分; 流出水分; 凍結深; TDR; 蒸発散; 熱収支法; 木本植物

For creating sustainable agriculture system or peserving the regional environment, evaluation of physical and chemical fluxes (referred here as "the environmental fluxes"), which are sensitive to the environment related to farmland, is of a fundamental issue. In this research, systems to accurately and comprehensively the measure environmental fluxes were developed. They were aimed to reveal various mass flows in soil system and the farmland environment. There were mainly three achievements.1.Thermal and watery environment in soil system : Heat and water flows in soil system were observed in various scales, from columns (in the laboratory) to the field. The flows were also evaluated through numerical simulations, and physical factors which dominated these flows were considered. Furthermore, a new technique for measuring frozen and melted depths of soil using the TDR was developed. It was confirmed that this technique was very useful in the field, especially under thawing process.2.Agro … More climatology (Evapotranspiration) : Experiments and observation were conducted for measurement and evaluation of evapotranspiration. In the broccoli field, climatic factors were measured in short time interval with high accuracy. Then, evapotranspiration properties were derived employing the energy balance method. With this result, crop coefficients to different growing stages were determined. In the laboratory, a new method based on sensing acoustic emission was introduced to measure transpiration independently. The result was agreeable for wood plants.3.Hydrological environment at basin level : Flood runoff and its quality from upland fields and adjoining forest area were measured. Through the analysis on water quality of rainwater and runoff water, chemical fluxes such as runoff loads and mass balance in the basins were calculated. Then, with constructing runoff and water quality models, runoff components were calculated and compared. Inter-verification between both models was also carried out. Less

对于创建可持续农业系统或保护区域环境，对与农田相关的环境敏感的物理化学通量(简称环境通量)的评价是一个根本性的问题。本研究开发了一套准确、全面的环境通量测量系统。它们的目的是揭示土壤系统和农田环境中的各种质量流。主要取得了三个方面的成果：1.土壤系统的热湿环境：从柱子(实验室)到田间，在不同的尺度上观测到土壤系统中的热流和水流。通过数值模拟对流动进行了评价，并考虑了影响流动的物理因素。此外，还开发了一种使用TDR测量土壤冻结和融化深度的新技术。这项技术在田间特别是在解冻过程中是非常有用的。2.Ago…更多的气候学(蒸散量)：为测量和评价蒸散量，进行了实验和观测。在西兰花田间，短时间间隔内对气候因子进行了高精度的测量。在此基础上，利用能量平衡法计算了该地区的蒸散量。在此基础上，确定了不同生育阶段的作物系数。在实验室中，提出了一种基于声发射传感的独立测量蒸腾作用的新方法。流域水平的水文环境：对旱地和邻近林区的洪水径流及其质量进行了测量。通过对降雨和径流水质的分析，计算了流域径流负荷、物质平衡等化学通量。然后，通过建立径流模型和水质模型，计算和比较了径流各组成部分。还在两个模型之间进行了相互验证。较少

项目成果

三浦 健志: "熱収支ボ-エン比法によるブロッコリ畑からの蒸発散量の測定" 中国・四国の農業気象. 10. 15-20 (1997)

Kenji Miura：“使用热平衡鲍文比法测量西兰花田的蒸散量”中国和四国农业气象学 10. 15-20 (1997)。

Hiroshi TAKIMOTO: "Short Term Runoff Characteristics due to Land Reclamation" J.Japan Soc.Hydrol.& Water Resour. 9(6). 542-550 (1996)

Hiroshi TAKIMOTO：“土地复垦导致的短期径流特征”J.Japan Soc.Hydrol。

Nobuhito Ohte: "An in situ lysimeter experiment on soil moisture influence for inorganic nitrogen dischage from forest soil" Journal of Hydrology. 195. 78-98 (1997)

Nobuhito Ohte：“土壤湿度影响森林土壤无机氮排放的原位蒸渗仪实验”水文学杂志。

陳 暁飛: "寒冷地における土壌の凍結・融解深計測へのTDRの適用" 水分・水資源学会誌. 9・2. 128-135 (1996)

陈晓飞：“TDR在寒冷地区土壤冻融深度测量中的应用”，水分与水资源学会杂志，128-135（1996）。

諸泉 利嗣: "野外における不飽和土壌帯中の熱・水分移動特性" 水文・水資源学会誌. 10・1. 20-31 (1997)

Toshitsugu Moroizumi：“田间非饱和土壤区域的热量和水分传递特性”，日本水文水资源学会杂志 10/1（1997 年）。