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Studies on Utilization of Water Resources and Irrigation Facilities for Sustaining the soundness of Hydrologic System in a river basin with an Urban Sprawl Area

城市蔓延地区流域水资源和灌溉设施利用维持水文系统健全的研究

基本信息

批准号：
16580208
负责人：
HORINO Haruhiko
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
Osaka Prefecture University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Irrigation water has not only a role of feeding water for crops but also a function as "regional water" associated with the local residents' life and environment. Nowadays it is feared that such the function is being lost due to advancing of urbanization. The objective of this study is to try to investigate the role which agricultural infrastructure (especially irrigation pond) plays for aquatic environment, including artificial water management aspect, at a region or basin level in Kishiwada area where urban sprawl is advancing. In this study, hydrological observations such as river flow, inflow and outflow in an irrigation pond, precipitation, water quality, and so on were continuously carried out, and based on these data, the following aspects were discussed.1.Investigation of the characteristic of climate and water resources in Kishiwada area : Using the AMEDAS data at 7 stations within Osaka prefecture, a potentially available water resource, which is calculated by precipitation m … More inus potential evapotranspiration, were estimated at each station. The result indicated that the study area is categorized into relatively dry climate in Japan. And based on the irrigation pond ledger, the geographical distribution of irrigation pond was investigated, and water resources deposit was estimated.2.Evaluation of flood mitigation function of irrigation pond : For Hoji-ike pond which is one of the irrigation ponds, located in the study area, flood mitigation function of the pond was evaluated through both analysis with observed data and model simulation. As a result, it was indicated that this pond mitigated floods enough though its surface area is relatively small for its catchment area.3.Evaluation of nutrient load reduction functions of irrigation pond : It is sustained that nutrient load in river water which was in hydrodynamic state was reduced by going through the pond in which the water was in hydrostatic state.4.Estimation of nutrient load reduction in the river associated with expanding sewerage infrastructure : The improvement of river water pollution level (decrease of nutrient load) according to increasing of the sewerage connecting ratio in the Haruki River watershed was estimated. The results indicated that increasing the sewerage connecting ratio in the down stream area, where the population density is higher, was more effective than expanding the sewerage system to the upper stream area, where is rural area, for decreasing of nutrient load level in river water.Integrated the above results, it was discussed what the irrigation system should be for sustaining the soundness of hydrologic system from the point of view of "storage" and "purification" of water. Less

灌溉水不仅具有农作物补水的作用，而且还具有与当地居民的生活和环境相关的“区域水”的功能。如今，人们担心这种功能会因城市化的推进而丧失。本研究的目的是在城市扩张不断推进的岸和田地区的区域或流域层面，尝试调查农业基础设施（特别是灌溉池塘）对水生环境（包括人工水管理方面）所起的作用。本研究持续进行了河川流量、灌溉池塘的进出流量、降水量、水质等水文观测，并基于这些数据，讨论了以下几个方面。1.岸和田地区气候和水资源特征的调查：利用大阪府内7个站的AMEDAS数据，通过降水量m计算出潜在的可用水资源量。潜在蒸散量，在每个站进行了估计。结果表明，研究区属于日本相对干燥的气候。并以灌溉池塘台账为基础,调查灌溉池塘的地理分布,估算水资源蕴藏量。2.灌溉池塘防洪功能评价:针对研究区的灌溉池塘之一的丰治池,通过观测数据分析和模型模拟相结合的方式评价了该池塘的防洪功能。结果表明，尽管该池塘的表面积相对其集水区而言相对较小，但它足以缓解洪水。3.灌溉池塘养分负荷减少功能的评估：通过流过处于静水状态的池塘，可以减少处于水动力状态的河水中的养分负荷。4.与扩大污水基础设施相关的河流养分负荷减少的估计：估计随着春木川流域污水连接率的增加，河流水污染水平的改善（营养负荷的减少）。研究结果表明，在人口密度较高的下游地区增加污水接驳比，比向上游地区（农村地区）扩大污水处理系统更能有效降低河水营养负荷水平。综合上述结果，从水的“蓄水”和“净化”的角度探讨了灌溉系统应如何维持水文系统的健全。较少的