Developing High Precision Versatile Camera Systems by Multi-Image Integration

通过系统地改变相机参数(例如，虹膜、焦距、快门速度、观察方向等)而获得的多幅图像的综合使得我们能够提取从单一图像中不能或很难获得的可靠场景信息。在本研究中，我们基于这一思想开发了高精度的多功能摄像系统。研究结果可概括如下：1.研制了一种可以精确调整虹膜、焦距和变焦的计算机可控镜头系统。利用该镜头系统，我们可以获得多虹膜、多焦点和多变焦图像。2.开发了从多虹膜图像中提取高精度颜色信息的算法和从多焦点图像中提取3D距离数据的算法。3.多焦点摄像机的开发通过对商用3CCD摄像机进行改进，使用该摄像机，可以在视频速率下获得三幅不同焦距的图像。4.开发了一种从多焦点摄像机拍摄的三幅散焦图像中测量3D深度数据的算法。5.在多焦点摄像机中引入编码光圈，它允许我们测量纹理表面的3D深度，并恢复完全聚焦于其视野的图像。6.开发一种固定视点的云台相机系统，其投影中心在相机旋转时保持固定。7.开发通用且快速的算法来使用上述相机来生成各种类型的全方位全景图像。

Integration of multiple images taken by systematically varying a camera parameter (e.g.iris, focus, shutter speed, view direction and so on) allows us to extract the reliable scence information which cannot or hardly be obtained from a single image. In this study, we developer high precision versatile camera systems based on this idea. The results of the study can be summarized as follow :1.Development of a computer controlable lens system whose iris, focus, and zoom can be accurately modified. With this lens system, we can obtain multi-iris, multi-focus, and multi-zoom images.2.Development of algorithms to extract high precision color information from multi-iris images and 3D range data from multi-focus images.3.Development of a multi-focus camera by modifying a commercial 3CCD video camera, Using this camera, three images taken with different focus values can be obtained at video rate.4.Development of an algorithm to measure 3D depth data from three defocused images taken by the multi-focus camera.5.Introduction of a coded apperture into the multi-focus camera, which allows us to measure 3D depth of textured surfaces and to recover an image completely focused over its visual field.6.Development of a fixed viewpoint pan-tilt camera system, whose projaction center is kept fixed against camera rotations.7.Development of versatile and fast algorithums to generate various types of ominidirectional panoramic images using the above camera.