Basic Study on the problem of the others : Remarking French Philosophy in 18th Century

根据这个项目，我从孔狄亚克对滑滑主义的态度出发，考察了他在《人类认知起源论》和《感觉论》中所发展的认识论。具体地说，我评论了他关于纯粹的视觉或纯粹的触觉是否能向“心灵”暗示外部世界的论点。关于这个问题，思想史上最重要的一点是孔狄亚克的这两部著作与乔治贝克莱哲学之间的关系。主流观点认为，孔狄亚克从“Essai”到“Traite”，彻底改变了他从反贝克莱主义者到热心贝克莱主义者的立场。但笔者通过对这些作品的分析和比较，提出了反对意见。即：（1）在关于贝克莱主义（哲学唯我论）的本质的层面上，我们找不到一般所提到的贝克莱对孔狄亚克的“影响”。(2)相反，从《随笔》到《特雷特》的发展，恰恰是孔狄亚克通过他的无意识的感觉论，从一种对世界的滑滑理解走向一种超越“心灵”的反贝克莱主义的发展。(3)然而，这种反伯克利主义的进步是由他对伯克利的视觉-触觉理论的无限接近所带来的。本研究结果发表于《Mind and its Outside：Vision-Touch Problem by Condillac》，《一桥大学研究丛书》，《人文科学》1997年3月第34卷，第241 - 302页。因此，对交往行为中的唯我主义危机问题和伦理意义上的他者问题的阐释，是一项基础性的研究。但是这个问题，“‘他者’如何出现在一个正在改变的自我意识中”，将为关于他者的更本质的问题提供一个绝对必要的基础。

According to the project, I investigated Condillac's epistemology developed in "Essai sur l'origine des connaissances humaines" and "Traite des sensations" from the viewpoint of his attitude towards slipsism. Concretely, I remarked his argument on the question whether the pure vision or pure touch can suggest the external world to the "mind" or not. Concerning this question, the most important point in the history of ideas, is the relation between this tow works of Condillac and the philosophy of George Berkeley. According to the dominant opinion, it is said that from "Essai" to "Traite", Condillac completely changed his position from an anti-Berkeleist to an ardent Berkeleist. But I set up an opposition to this opinion through an analysis and comparison of these works. namely, (1) we can not find the "influence" of Berkeley to Condillac (in "Traite" ), which is generally mentioned, at a level concerning the essence of Berkeleism (philo-sophical solipsism). (2) Rather, contrarily, the progress from "Essai" to "Traite" is just one of anti-Berkeleism in which Condillac sought a way from a slipsist world-comprehension to the outside of the "mind" through his immanent sensationalism. (3) Nevertheless, this anti-Berkeleist progress is brought about, paradoxically, by his infinite approch to Berkely's vision-touch theory. The result of this study was published : "Mind and its Outside : Vision-Touch Problem by Condillac", Hitotsubashi University Research Series, Humanities vol.34,1997, March.pp.241-302.This article is just concerning the problem of space-perception represented by Molyneux's question. So it is not but a very basic investigation for may total project which aims to elucidate the problem of solipsist crisis in communicative act and the problem of the others in ethical meaning. But this problem, "How 'The others' appears within a modifying self-consciousness", will give a absolutely necessary base to the more essential problem of the others.