Basic Research on the Interface between Evolutionism and Ethics

首先，作为历史研究，我完成了孔狄亚克（1755年）的《动物的真相》的日文翻译，并与巴顿的《自然史》（将于今年秋天出版）进行了比较。通过这项工作，我发现了一个奇怪的事实，即孔狄亚克已经预见到了一种进化论，坚持人类和野兽的思想之间的功能连续性，尽管他的立场-有点精神主义-与拉梅特里的立场完全不同。除此之外，我还发现了他关于人类模仿的优秀观点，即仅仅是模仿就给人类带来了如此广泛的多样性，这是对R.Dawkins和S.Blackmore等人正在发展的“模因”理论的预测，即文化基因（复制因子），我已经发表了一些关于这些发现的论文。其次，为了确定进化伦理学在整个伦理学体系中的地位，我考察了哲学家们的观点， 关于我们 例如，M.鲁塞、E.索贝、A.格莱斯等人之间的哲学辩论。在这些阅读中，我可以肯定地证实，我们不能再仅仅通过说“自然主义谬误”，从社会达尔文主义（斯宾塞主义）的噩梦联想中自动否认进化论和伦理学之间的界面。本文认为，尽管摩尔对社会达尔文主义进行了精辟的批判，但要克服他的“非自然主义谬误”，我们必须建构一种自然主义的、现实主义的、具有广泛意义的伦理学，它必须能够洞察生物进化与文化进化之间的逻辑紧张关系。当然，这是一个很大的问题，我还不能完成这项工作，但这个结果中包含的论文，探讨人类对战争的倾向，指出了我们未来的研究方向。最后，阅读了伯林、米勒等人的一些著作和论文，他们试图解决人类文化的问题，并认为朴素的自然选择进化论不能用性选择的范式给出答案。这是如此令人兴奋，我获得了真正丰富的建议。参考这些著作，我正在撰写关于18世纪人类语言起源问题的论文。(be今年秋天出版）。少

At first, as a historical study I have accomplished a translation into Japanese of "Trate des animaux" of Condillac (1755), comparing with Button's " Histoire naturelle" (which will be published in this Autumn). Through this working, I found a curious fact that Condillac had anticipated a kind of evolutionism, insisting on functional continuity between the minds of human being and beast, although his position-somewhat spiritualistic-was completely contadistinctive against that of, for example, la Mettrie. In addition to that, I discovered his excellent idea concerning human imitation that just imitation has brought such an expansive diversity in human being was a prediction of the theory of "meme", namely a cultural gene(replicator), which R.Dawkins and S.Blackmore and so on are developing now I have already published some papers on these discoveries. Next to this, in order to mark down the position of evolutionary ethics in the whole constellation of ethics, I have surveyed the philos … More ophical debate among, for instance, M.Ruse, E.Sobei, A.Gewirth, and so forth. In these reading, I could definitely confirm that we can't any more automatically deny the interface between evolutionism and ethics just by saying of "naturalistic fallacy", from nightmare association of social Darwinism (Spencerism). I got the perspective that we are required to construct a naturalistic and realistic-in its wide meaning-ethic which has good eyesight into the logically tense relation between biological and cultural evolutions, so as to overcome Moore's "un-nuturalistic fallacy" in spite of his brilliant criticism to social Darwinism. Of course, this is such a big problem that I couldn't yet accomplish this work, but the thesis contained in this result, which examines the human inclination to the war indicates the direction of our future research. Finally, reading some books and thesis of Burling, Miller and so on, who are trying to solve the questions of human culture and thinking that naive evolutionism of simple natural selection couldn't give an answer using a paradigm of sexual selection. It is so exiting that I acquired truly abundant suggestions. Referring these works, I am writing the papers on the problem of origin of human language in the 18th Century. (be published in this autumn.) Less