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The Study on the introduction process of the concepts of the western social sciences in Japan : Review of the traslations in the Meiji era

西方社会科学概念传入日本的历程研究:明治时代翻译回顾

基本信息

批准号：
07610186
负责人：
SAWADA Zentaro
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
Osaka Prefecture University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to exmine the Japanese traslations, which were published in the Meiji era, of the western literatures on social sciences, and to analyze how Japanese people in those days understood the western societies and the concepts of the western social sciences. Our main findings are as follows.1, "Bureaucracy" which J.S.Mill treated in On Liberty and Considerations on Representative Government was frequently mistranslated. That is, the Japanese translators often interpreted the sentences, where Mill talked about the evils of the administrative bureaucy as a whole, as the evils of tyranny of few influential persons who could control the bureaucratic system. Probably, the mistranslations were brought about by the premature state of the early Meiji administrative bureaucrcy and the Japanese tradition which had attached the education of Chinese classics.2, For the most Japanese in the early Meiji period, the constitutional difference between the federal system of the United States of America and the European nation-states was not inteligible enough. The typical example was found in the translation of Tocqueville's Democracy in America, made by Ryuu Hiduka in 1880. Hiduka translated both "democracy" and "republic" into a same word, "kyouwa" (a Japanese equivalent for "republic"). The Japanese people at that time had only a superficial understanding of the essence of the American Democracy.

本文旨在挖掘明治时代出版的西方社会科学文献的日文译本，并分析当时日本人对西方社会和西方社会科学概念的理解。我们的主要发现如下：1、密尔在《论自由》和《关于代议政制的考虑》中所论及的“官僚作风”经常被误译。也就是说，日语翻译家经常将密尔谈到的行政官僚作为一个整体的弊病，解释为少数有影响力的人可以控制官僚制度的暴政之害。造成误译的原因可能是明治早期行政官僚体制的不成熟状态和日本重视中国经典教育的传统。2.对于明治早期的大多数日本人来说，美利坚合众国的联邦制和欧洲民族国家之间的宪法差异是不够的。最典型的例子是托克维尔于1880年翻译的《美国的民主》，该书由Ryuu Hiduka所作。Hiduka将“民主”和“共和国”翻译成同一个单词“kyouwa”(在日语中相当于“共和国”)。当时的日本人对美国民主的实质只有肤浅的了解。