Transformation of Independent and Dependent Life Forms, Kinship Relationships and Ethnicity in a Middle-sized Town and the Surrounding Area in American Midwest.

美国中西部一个中等城镇及周边地区独立与依附生命形式、亲属关系和种族的转变。

• 批准号: 10610303
• 负责人: SANO Toshiyuki
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Nara Women's University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10610303/
• 关键词: American culture; Independence; Immigrants; Aging; Population change; Family change; Community history; Cultural Anthropology; アメリカ文化社会; 自立; 移民; 高齢者; 人口動態; 家族; 小都市; 文化人類学; 文化人類学・民族誌; 小都市研究; 文化人類学と民族誌

This research project is part of larger anthropological project to understand ways of shaping significant lives throughout the life course and the underlying cultural system in aging society. This project examines a specific problem of independence and caring from a case of Riverfront City, a middle-sized town and the surrounding area based primarily upon US Census original manuscripts (years : 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910) with consideration of local historical changes, ethnicity, and gender relationships. First, we focused on the relationship between family moving patterns and caring practice. Polish Americans stayed in town longer than people from eastern states but often moves within the community. They showed independence by becoming owner of new house after marriage but kept close to their parents by living in the same community. Secondly, we analyzed seven family cases where we could trace the original address in 1900 and the moved address in 1910, and found factors of moving such as family developmental cycle, becoming older age, financial reason co-living with other elderly. We also tried to find the women's moving pattern that is difficult to know from written historical materials by using the cemetery record compiled by a local historian, and found the intimate relationship between once-married-out daughter and her parents from evidence that they were often buried in the same place. In the last project year, we identified families that appeared in more than one census and made charts to visualize family changes. From the charts, we found that we should examine the problem of independence and caring by looking at self-help and the same generational relationship. The compilation of family charts is a significant achievement of this research project. The compiled charts will be used with other research project. We will use it with other materials we obtained in this project for the future investigation.

该研究项目是大型人类学项目的一部分，旨在了解在整个生命过程中塑造重要生活的方式以及老龄化社会的潜在文化体系。该项目主要基于美国人口普查原始手稿（年份：1850、1860、1870、1880、1900、1910），并考虑当地的历史变迁、种族和性别关系，以滨河城、一个中等规模的城镇及其周边地区为例，研究独立和关怀的具体问题。首先，我们关注家庭搬迁模式与照护实践之间的关系。波兰裔美国人在城镇里停留的时间比东部各州的人长，但经常在社区内搬家。他们通过婚后成为新房子的主人来表现出独立性，但通过住在同一个社区来保持与父母的亲密关系。其次，我们分析了7个可追溯1900年原住址和1910年搬迁地址的家庭案例，发现了家庭发展周期、年龄增长、经济原因与其他老年人共同居住等搬迁因素。我们还试图通过当地历史学家整理的墓地记录来寻找文字史料中难以得知的女性移动模式，并从经常埋葬在同一地点的证据中发现曾经出嫁的女儿与父母之间的亲密关系。在上一个项目年，我们确定了出现在多次人口普查中的家庭，并制作了图表以可视化家庭变化。从图表中我们发现，我们应该通过自助和同辈关系来审视独立和关爱的问题。家庭图谱的编制是本研究项目的一项重大成果。编制的图表将用于其他研究项目。我们将把它与我们在这个项目中获得的其他材料一起用于未来的调查。

项目成果

藤田真理子(研究分担者): "アメリカ人の老後と生きがい形成-高齢者の文化人類学的研究"(株)大学教育出版. 198 (1999)

藤田麻里子（共同研究员）：《美国人的老年与人生目的的形成——老年人的文化人类学研究》大学教育出版社198（1999）

佐野敏行: "キッチンの地域生活における織り成し-米国中西部の事例から"家政学研究. 46(1). 17-25 (1999)

Toshiyuki Sano：“厨房与当地生活的交织——来自美国中西部的案例研究”《家政研究》46(1) (1999)。

SANO,MARIKO FUJITA AND SANO,TOSHIYUKI: "Life in Riverfront : A Middle-Western Town Seen Through Japanese Eyes."Harcourt College Publishers.. 184 (2001)

SANO, MARIKO FUJITA 和 SANO, TOSHIYUKI：“河滨生活：日本人眼中的中西部城镇。”哈考特学院出版社.. 184 (2001)

佐野敏行,藤田真理子: "自立した老後-アメリカ中西部小都市と周辺地域の歴史人類学的研究"渓水社. 394 (2001)

Toshiyuki Sano、Mariko Fujita：“独立的老年——美国中西部小城市及周边地区的历史人类学研究” Keisuisha 394 (2001)。

SANO, Toshiyuki and FUJITA (SANO), Mariko: "Jiritsushita Rougo : Amerika chuseibu shotoshi to shuhen chiiki no rekishi jinnruigaku teki kenkyu (Independent Life in Old Age : Historical Anthropology of a Middle-Sized Town and the Surrounding Area in Americ

SANO、Toshiyuki 和 FUJITA (SANO)、Mariko：“Jiritsushita Rougo : Amerika chuseibu shotoshi to shuhen chiiki no rekishi jinnruigaku teki kenkyu（晚年的独立生活：美国中型城镇及周边地区的历史人类学）