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Aging Process of Different Ethnic Backgrounds and Prevailing Process of the Concept of Independence in the United States

美国不同族裔的老龄化过程与独立观念的盛行过程

基本信息

批准号：
14510336
负责人：
SANO Toshiyuki
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Nara Women's University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research is to delineate the relationship between aging process of immigrants and the process in which the concept of independence became pervasive among the elderly immigrant people of different ethnic backgrounds by using census original schedules of 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930's, and short-term fieldwork during which I conducted interviewing and collecting additional historical material. Two research sites were chosen for a comparative analysis of European and Asian immigrants : Riverfront in Central Wisconsin and Hilo in Hawaii Island. Census analysis included (1) databasing of the census information, (2) tracing individuals and families over different census years, (3) reconstructing traced families' composition and changes, (4) analysis of the elderly people's strategic choices as reflected in family composition. Being a head of household and being without others except for spouse were taken as operative indicators to have an independent attitude toward leading lives. Based on the census analysis, the collected written material concerning attitudes toward the elderly people and the old age, and the interview data, this research concludes that a hypothesis shaped in the previous research project on European immigrants in Riverfront, namely Polish immigrants, was not negated, that is, the first generation of immigrants who came to Riverfront in the 1880s increased the number of elderly family heads within one generational years. In the case of the Japanese in Hilo, a decision was probably made to stay for lifetime and then to design their retirement age in the beginning of the twentieth century. During the period of 1900 - 1930, a filtering seemed to work on who would decide to stay in America or who would leave, and then many immigrants who stayed were becoming old without models for their own old age. Emerging American life style would suggest older immigrants to take the self-help and to keep youth attitude.

本研究利用1900年、1910年、1920年和1930年的人口普查原始时间表，以及我进行的短期田野调查和收集额外的历史资料，来描绘移民的老龄化过程与独立概念在不同种族背景的老年移民中普及的过程之间的关系。选择了两个研究地点对欧洲和亚洲移民进行比较分析：威斯康星州中部的河滨和夏威夷岛的希洛。人口普查分析包括：(1)人口普查信息的数据库化；(2)追踪不同普查年份的个人和家庭；(3)重建追踪家庭的组成和变化；(4)分析老年人在家庭组成中反映的战略选择。作为一家之主和除配偶外无他人作为独立生活态度的有效指标。根据人口普查分析、收集到的有关老年人和老年态度的书面资料以及访谈数据，本研究得出结论，先前关于滨河地区欧洲移民（即波兰移民）的研究项目中形成的一个假设没有被否定，即19世纪80年代来到滨河地区的第一代移民在一代人的时间内增加了老年户主的数量。以希洛的日本人为例，他们可能决定一辈子呆在那里，然后在20世纪初设计他们的退休年龄。在1900年至1930年期间，筛选似乎对谁将决定留在美国或谁将离开美国起作用，然后许多留下来的移民正在变老，没有自己的晚年模式。新兴的美国生活方式会建议年长的移民采取自助和保持年轻的态度。