The Historical Research of Families in the Modern British Gentlemen's Societies.

现代英国绅士社会家庭的历史研究。

• 批准号: 07610398
• 负责人: WATANABE Yuji
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Shimane International College
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07610398/
• 关键词: Britain; Scotland; family; clan; illegitimacy; ジェントルマン; パタ-ナリズム; 社会移動

This Research reconsidered the significance of family and marriage in the eighteenth century Britain, especially in Scotland.During the eighteenth century, women of Lowland parishes married on average in their mid-20s, like most women in north-western Europe. In traditional Scottish society, the married women retained her father's surname. Among the middle classes, however, the convention of adopting the husband's surname began in the late seventeenth century and became the norm by the later eighteenth. Upward mobility did occur but it may have been less easy than has sometimes been suggested.Inter-clan marriages in the Highlands during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were arranged by families rather than by the individuals concerned. Many clans were united not just by kinship but by common interests and the preference for endogamous marriage was heavily outweighed by the advantages to be gained by making alliances through marriage with Lowland dwellers. The clan had been virtu … More ally destroyed by commercialisation, During the first half of the eighteenth century, the traditional role of the tacksman came increasingly under threat.The Union with England completed the rise of the lairds by turning the ambitions of the aristocracy to London. The aristocrats moved from Scotland and left effective power there to the lairds who were owners of moderate sized estates.In Scotland before the Industrial Revolution, illegitimacy was low primarily because the system of social control was strong. These figures are lower than those of English parishes. -e should not assume that the native marriage law rested upon a tradition of respect for lovers or had ever led to libertarian tendencies among the young. It was possible to rebel against Church discipline, but the striking thing is that, except in the south-west, few did so. It is interesting that the south-west, the base area of Covenanting sentiment and the only area of resistance to agricultural improvement, should have resisted the sexual discipline of the Church. Less

这项研究重新考虑了家庭和婚姻在18世纪英国，特别是在苏格兰的重要性。在18世纪，低地教区的妇女平均在25岁左右结婚，就像大多数西北欧妇女一样。在传统的苏格兰社会中，已婚妇女保留父亲的姓氏。然而，在中产阶级中，采用夫姓的习俗始于世纪后期，到18世纪后期成为常态。向上流动确实发生了，但可能并不像人们有时认为的那么容易，16、17世纪高地的氏族间婚姻是由家庭安排的，而不是由有关的个人安排的。许多氏族的联合不仅是因为血缘关系，而且是因为共同的利益。通过与低地居民联姻所获得的好处远远超过了对同族通婚的偏好。这个氏族是有道德的。 ...更多信息 被商业化摧毁的盟友，在世纪上半叶，传统的前锋角色越来越受到威胁。与英格兰的联合使贵族的野心转向伦敦，从而完成了领主的崛起。在工业革命之前的苏格兰，非法性很低，主要是因为社会控制系统很强大。这些数字低于英国教区的数字。-e不应该假设本土的婚姻法建立在尊重情人的传统之上，或者曾经导致年轻人的自由主义倾向。反抗教会的纪律是可能的，但引人注目的是，除了西南部，很少有人这样做。有趣的是，西南地区是圣约情绪的根据地，也是唯一抵制农业改良的地区，却应该抵制教会的性纪律。少

项目成果

岡本明編著: "『支配の文化史』(第2章、18世紀イギリス・ジェントルマンの変容)" ミネルヴァ書房(第2章26頁), 320頁 (1997)

冈本晃主编：《‘统治的文化史’（第2章，18世纪英国绅士的转变）》Minerva Shobo（第2章，26页），320页（1997年）

Akira Okamoto ed.: Cultural History of Hegemony, (Chap.2, Yuji Watanabe, "British Gentlemen in the eighteenth century".). Minerva Shobou, 41-66 (1997)

冈本晃主编：霸权文化史，（第二章，渡边雄二，《十八世纪的英国绅士》）。

岡本明: "支配の文化史" ミネルヴァ書房, 300 (1997)

冈本晃：《统治的文化史》Minerva Shobo，300（1997）