A Study on Bunjin Literature in the Middle of the Edo Era

在1997财政年度，这是本研究项目三年的最后一年，对这一时期三位文人作家的文学理论材料进行了研究，他们是Teisho Tuga、Ayatari Takebe和Akinari Ueda。同时，前两年的调查还补充了关于他们的学习、ATRT和社交方面的数据。结果，我们获得了以下信息，这些信息以“研究结果报告”的形式排列，并附有一份按时间顺序排列的Akinari工作清单，其中最典型的是Akinari。这三位作家都从事诗歌和散文创作(《读卖新闻》)。在这两种体裁中，我们可以从他们的作品中提炼出他们的诗学理论，包括海派、形式派和和卡派。相反，除了Akinari对创造性写作的寓言观点外，在散文上不可能做到这一点。除了文学理论主要围绕诗歌发展的历史背景外，我们还看到他们的意识是工作中的巴金人，比起小说来更重视诗歌。虽然三人致力于不同类型的诗歌，但他们都对庸俗和高尚的文学都表现出了兴趣。然而，在文津人超然态度特征的明显影响下，他们最终更看重后者(汉字、形式语、和卡语)，而不是前者(haikai、kyoshi)。这三个人能够发展出新鲜而灵活的文学理论，因为他们是巴金人，因此通过他们的多重活动之一从事文学。Akinari的小说寓言理论和WAKA的本质理论，以及Ayatari的Kata-Uta理论，只有作为相信多才多艺的文津人的意识力量才能成为可能。

During fiscal 1997, that constitutes the last of the three years of this study project, research was made on the materials pertaining to the literary theory of three bunjin writers of the period, to wit, Teisho Tuga, Ayatari Takebe and Akinari Ueda. At the same time, survey of the previous two years was supplemented by an additional collection of the data on their learning, atrt and social intercourse. As a result, the following peices of information have been obtained, that are arranged in the form of 'Report of Research Results', together with a chronological list of work of Akinari, the most typical bunjin of the three.1. The three writers were all engaged both in verse and prose (yomihon). Of these two genres, we can extract from their writings their theory on verse, including haikai, kata-uta and waka. On the contrary, it is impossible to do the same on prose, with the exception of Akinari's allegorical view of creative writing. Besides the historical background in which literary theory had evolved chiefly around verse, we see their consciousness as bunjins at work that valued poetry more than novels.2. Although the three devoted themselves to different kinds of verse, they all exhibited interest both in vulgar and noble literature. Nevertheless, they eventually esteemed the latter (kanshi, kata-uta, waka) above the former (haikai, kyoshi) under the apparent influence of detached attitude characteristic of bunjins.3. The three could develop fresh and flexible theory of literature because they were bunjins and as such engaged in literature by way of one of their multiple activities. Akinari's allegorical theory of novels and essential theory of waka, as well as Ayatari's theory of kata-uta, were only possible on the strength of this consciousness as bunjins who believed in being versatile.