System for Implementaion of Urban Planning and the Principle of Urban Planning

今天的城市规划系统需要对已建成区域的更新、与自然的协调以及每个区域的身份创造有用。因此，它应该(1)控制所有的国家土地，(2)全面控制所有的发展，(3)详细的控制足以创造街道的身份。在英国，他们发展了自己的自由裁量制度，用来为每个地区制定个人计划。公众参与、议会采纳、规划师专业、政府公开、上诉和司法审查，都是其公信力的支撑。日本的城市规划体制存在缺陷：城市规划局限于城市规划区域。城市规划并不详细。建设并不包括在“发展”的概念中。小型开发项目不受规划控制。官员们认为标准不是拒绝许可的标准，而是对已开发地区的技术标准，而我反对。地方议会不决定规划和规划许可。公众参与的机会非常有限。适应能力也受到了狭隘的限制。但是环境影响评估法案是在1996年颁布的。在最近的案件中，我们可以从最高法院的判决中发现变化的迹象。

Urban Planning System today is required to be useful for renewal of built areas, coordination with nature and creation of identity for every areas. Therefor it shuould have (l)control of all of the national land, (2)comprehensive control of all of the developments and (3)detailed control enough to create identity of streets.In Britain they have developed their own discretionary system which they use to make a individual plan for each areas. Its credability is supported by public participation, adoption by councils, profession of planner, open government and appeal and judicial review.Japanes Planning System has some defects : Town Planning is limited within Town Planning Areas. Town plans are not detailed. Building is not included in the conception of "development". Small develoopments are free from planning control. Officials regard criteria not as those for permission refusal, but as technical standards for developed sites while I am opposed to it.Local councils do not determine plans and planning permissions. Public participaion is limited in very little opportuinities. Standing to suit is limited narrowly too. But the Environmental Impact Assessment Act is enacted in 1996. We can find the signs of change in the Spreme Court jadgements in recent cases.