Empirical Study on life-course of immigrant workers from country to big town in prewar Japan

战前日本从农村到大城市的移民工人生命历程的实证研究

• 批准号: 07630065
• 负责人: KASE Kazutoshi
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: The Univeristy of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07630065/
• 关键词: life course; change of occupation; unemployment; employment agency; family formation; dwelling; city planning; non-inheritors of farmers; ライフコース; 初職選択; 都市流入者; 職業紹介; 縁故採用; 朝鮮人渡航者

In prewar Japan the population increased rapidly. Peasants' sons, excluding inheritors, not being able to get lands, they had to find jobs in towns.One part of them got jobs at the age younger than 20 years old, immediately after or several years after the graduation of compulsory elementary school. The other part of them got jobs after the military service or after the test for it.The former type of workers became skilled workers after a several-year apprenticeship, while the latter type of workers became unskilled workers or lower level workers (for example, day workers) because they could not have the chance to be under on-the-job-training.Most of peasants' sons entering big towns without finding their jobs in advance, they often remained unemployed for a certain period.Workers, having entered big towns from their birthplace, needed not to support their parents. They needed to support only their nuclear families, so their wage level was sufficient even when it was too low to reproduce their direct line families. The international competitiveness based on such low wage could remain as far as such workers could be supplied.Under the low wage, ordinary workers could not buy their own houses, so their demand for houses or rooms for rent made real estates possessed by the old profitable. The old people who had lived for a long time in big towns could lead a moderate life without a annuity system.

战前日本人口迅速增长。农民的儿子，不包括继承人，得不到土地，不得不在城镇找工作，其中一部分人不到20岁就找到了工作，在义务小学毕业后立即或几年后就找到了工作。另一部分人在服完兵役后或考完兵役后就业，前者经过几年的学徒训练成为熟练工人，后者则成为非熟练工人或较低层次的工人（例如，日工）因为他们没有机会接受在职培训。大多数农民的儿子进入大城市没有提前找到工作，工人从出生地进入大城市，不需要赡养父母。他们只需要供养核心家庭，所以他们的工资水平足够了，即使工资水平太低，无法生育直系亲属。在低工资条件下，普通劳动者买不起自己的房子，他们对房子或出租房的需求使老年人拥有的真实的地产有利可图。那些在大城市生活了很长时间的老年人，没有年金制度，也可以过上有节制的生活。