Principle and Practice of Direct Employment Policy to Relieve the Unemployed during the Interwar Period: Comparison of Japan with Western Countries

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The subject of this research is to clarify the principle and the practice of Japanese Unemployment Relief Policy to employ the unemployed directly by the government from the historical and international point of view. It approaches the subject by comparing Japanese case of the 1920s and the 1930s with the cases of Western countries during the same period as well as with the Japanese case after World War 2.We conclude that the principle of the policy was almost the same among those countries, but the practice including the procedure to select persons to be hired by the Public Construction Works was significantly different among them. The reasons of such differences can be identified in the socio-economic factors around the unemployment problem in those countries.