JAPANESE MANAGERS' VIEWS OF ETHICS

研究结束时，研究者对三家致力于伦理制度化的日本企业的45名管理者进行了访谈（每位管理者进行了两次访谈，共90次）。然后，对访谈资料进行了转录。从1997年初开始，对记录本进行了编辑并翻译成英文，这项工作仍在进行中。由于论文集的数量（共约1,500页），抄写、编辑和翻译工作比预期的要费时，预计将于1998年4月完成。同时，在下列会议上发表了时间成果：（1）1996年组织科学协会年会（1996年6月）（2）第一届经济、商业和伦理学世界大会（1996年7月）第一篇论文“伦理学制度化的努力是否有效？：日本案例研究》和《企业伦理学》的《伦理制度化的尝试：日本案例研究》。对日本经理人伦理决策影响最大的因素是“公司政策”。“2.公司伦理制度化的努力对提高日本经理人的伦理行为非常有效.然而，日本企业很少将伦理规范正式制度化，日本管理者倾向于从非正式的企业文化中学习伦理规范.日本企业不仅要有意识地形成伦理型企业文化，而且要建立与企业文化相一致的正式伦理制度。

By the end of research period, the researcher conducted interviews with 45 managers of three Japanese corporations which have been making efforts to institutionalize ethics (two interview sessions for eachmanager, in total 90 sessions). Then, the interview data was transcribed. From early 1997, the transcripts have been edited and translated into English, and the job is still on-going. Because of the volume of the transcripts (about 1,500 pages in total), the transcribing, editing, and translating work was more time-consuming than expected, it will be completed by April, 1998.Meanwhile, the temporal results were presented in the following conferences :(1) 1996 Annual Meeting of the Association for Organizational Science (June, 1996)(2) The First World Congress on Economics, Business and Ethics (July, 1996) The first paper, "Is the Effort at Institutionalizing Ethics Effective? : Case Studies from Japan, "was published in Organizational Science, Volume 30, No.2,1996, and the second, "Attempting to Institutionalize Ethics : Case Studies from Japan, "in Journal of Business Ethics, forthcoming.The major findings were as follows :1. The factor which is the most influential to Japanese managers' ethical decisionsis "company policy."2. The company efforts of institutionalizing ethics is very effective in enhance Japanese managers' ethical behavior.3. However, Japanese corporations have little institutionalize ethics in a formal manner, and Japanese managers tend to learn ethical codes from informal corporate culture.4. Japanese corporations should not only form ethical corporate culture more intentionally, but also establish formal ethical systems in coherence with its culture.