The role of interspecific interactions in morphological evolution and community organization in insects

种间相互作用在昆虫形态进化和群落组织中的作用

• 批准号: 07640839
• 负责人: SOTA Teiji
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Shinshu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1996
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07640839/
• 关键词: insect; morphology; interspecific copulation; mating behavior; hybridization; carabid beetles; genitalia; geographic variation

After allopatric speciations, interspecific interactions through hybridization and resource competition during secondary contacts will affect their distribution ranges and evolution of traits which are related with reproductive isolation and niche segregation. Coexistence of multiple closely related species will be achieved through repeated allopatric speciation and secondary contacts. Communities of closely related species show several patterns in morphological differentiation which is possibly correlated with prezygotic reproductive isolation and/or resource partitioning. We analyzed two cases of hybridizations between closely related carabid beetles of the subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus). First, between Carabus maiyasanus and C.iwawakianus, parapatric distribution has been maintained with an intervening narrow hybrid zone. We found that males cannot discriminate heterospecific females before copulation, and interspecific copulation often resulted in death of females and breaks … More of male genitalia because of the great difference in genitalic morphologies. F1 hybrids emerged showed intermediate genitalic morphologies between parental species. Second, a supposed hybrid population (C.insulicola pseudinsulicola) was studied, with probable parent populations of C.insulicola insulicola and C.arrowianus nakamurai. Again, the parent species could not discriminate heterospecifics before copulation. F1 hybrids were raised to adults which showed a morphology similar to the supposed hybrid species. Further rearing should confirm F1 beetles are fertile and can maintain a hybrid lineage. A preliminary analysis of mtDNA gene sequences indicated gene flows among the above populations. These results suggested that the evolutionary process leading to sympatric, well-segregated species involves different qualities of secondary contacts, such that initial divergence of two species in morphologies which are related with prezygotic reproductive isolation is sufficiently large enough to prevent their sexual competition and formation of fertile hybrids. Less

异域物种形成后，种间通过杂交和次级接触过程中的资源竞争而产生的相互作用将影响物种的分布范围和与生殖隔离和生态位分离相关的性状的进化。多个密切相关物种的共存将通过重复的异域物种形成和次级接触来实现。密切相关的物种的社区表现出几种模式的形态分化，这可能是与前合子生殖隔离和/或资源分配。我们分析了两个案例之间的杂交密切相关的步甲亚属（属）。第一，在米屋步甲和岩胁步甲之间，通过一个狭窄的杂交区维持了近距离分布。我们发现，雄性在交配前不能区分异种雌性，种间交配往往导致雌性死亡和中断 ...更多信息 由于生殖器形态的巨大差异，出现的F1杂种表现出中间生殖形态之间的亲本物种。其次，研究了一个假定的杂种群体（C.insulicola pseudinsulicola），可能的亲本群体是C.insulicola和C.arrowianus nakamurai。同样，亲种不能区分异性交配前。将F1杂种培养至成虫，其形态与假定的杂种种相似。进一步饲养应确认F1甲虫是肥沃的，可以保持杂交谱系。线粒体DNA基因序列分析表明，上述群体之间存在基因流动。这些结果表明，导致同域，隔离物种的进化过程中涉及不同的质量的二次接触，这样的初始分歧的两个物种的形态，这是与前合子生殖隔离是足够大，足以防止他们的性竞争和形成可育的杂种。少

项目成果

曽田貞磁,久保田耕平: "オサムシの種間交尾" 昆虫と自然. 30(2). 13-19 (1995)

Sadakazu Soda，Kohei Kubota：“地面甲虫的种间交配”昆虫与自然 30（2）（1995）。