Evolutonary and phylogenetic study on the Drosophila virilis section (Diptera : Drosophilidae)

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Faunal surveys of the Drosophila virilis section were made in the Japan Islands covering subtropical regions to cool temperate regions, together with ecological surveys on breeding substrates, microhabitats and seasonal fluctuations. Two new species, 3 newly recorded species and several insular subspecies were added to the Japanese fauna of drosophilidsKaryotype analyzes, reproductive isolation studies, analyzes of Adh genes and mtDNA were carried out by using Japanese members of the virilis section and their related foreign species. The molecular phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the robusta species-group was polyphyletic, comprising the okadai subgroup, the lacertosa subgroup and the robusta subgroup. This was supported by the karyotype observation. The okadai subgroup and the quadrisetata group built the same cluster, whereas the robusta subgroup and the melanica group did another cluster. The evolutionary process of the virilis section was discussed based on the results obtained.