Phylogenetic and evolutionary genetic studies on the Drosophilamelanica species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in East Asia

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Anew speciesof the Drosophilamelanicaspecies group isdescribedfrom northern Vietnam. Its metaphase plates of larval ganglion cells showed 2n = 12chromosomes, and this is thelargest number of acrocentric chromosomes in thegroup. Based on karyotype analyses the new species has the most primitive chromosomal configuration in the melanicagroup. Drosophilapengifrom central Japan, once regarded as a synonymof D.tsiganais resurrected as a member of the melanicagroup, based on the results ofcrossing experiments and close morphological examination. Drosophila bisetata from Myanmar and D.longiserratafrom southern China are the new synonym of D.pengi and D. afer, respectively. Themelanicagroup might have emerged in lower geographic latitudesof Asia, diversified along greenbelts of East Asia, and migrated to North America viaBeringia.