Development of System for Systematic State Analysis of Airborne Particulate Matter

近年来，日本和一些发达国家的大气颗粒物污染状况没有得到改善，而在一些发展中国家，大气颗粒物的污染问题变得更加严重。它的分析对于保护大气环境是非常重要的。虽然空气颗粒物是一种非常复杂的多组分混合物，但通常仅测量其质量浓度或有时测量其元素组成。本研究建立了一种水提取、稀酸提取、ICP-原子发射光谱（AES）、离子色谱和离子选择电极相结合的方法，用于水溶性和稀酸溶性成分的分析。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）对有机溶剂可溶组分中的多种金属元素进行了测定，采用重液分离-X射线衍射法对萃取残渣中的某些化合物进行了测定。本文提出了一种简便的X射线光谱法活性炭薄层标样制备方法，并成功地应用于大气颗粒物及其萃取残留物的多元素测定。此外，热方法已被开发用于元素碳和总的可溶性和不溶性有机化合物在空气中的颗粒物的分数测定。这些方法的结合可以实现对大气颗粒物的系统状态分析。

In recent years, the pollution of airborne particulate matter is little improved in Japan and some advanced nations and become more serious in some developing nations. Its analysis is very important for preservation of atmospheric environment. Although airborne particulate matter is a very complex multi-component mixture, usually its mass concentration only or sometimes elemental composition has been measured. It is desirable to develop a systematic analytical method by which many important informations can be efficiently obtained from the same sample.In this study, a systematic method combining water and dilute-acid extraction with ICP-atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ion chromatography and ion-selective electrode has been developed for the determination of water-soluble and dilute-acid soluble components. Several metallic elements were detected and determined in organic solvent-soluble components by ICP-AES.Some compounds in the extraction residues were determined by a combined method of heavy liquid separation and X-ray diffractometry. A simple preparation method of thin-layr standard samples with activated carbon for X-ray spectrometry has been developed and successfully applied to the multi-element determination of airborne particulate matter and its extraction residues. Furthermore, a thermal method has been developed for the fractional determination of elemental carbon and total soluble and insoluble organic compounds in airborne particulate matter. The systematic state analysis of airborne particulate matter can be attained by a combination of these developed methods.