Development of System for Systematic State Analysis of Airborne Particulate Matter

近年来，日本和一些发达国家的空气颗粒物污染几乎没有改善，而在一些发展中国家则变得更加严重。对其进行分析对保护大气环境具有重要意义。虽然空气中的颗粒物是一种非常复杂的多组分混合物，但通常只测量了其质量浓度，有时还测量了元素组成。建立一种能从同一样品中有效获取多种重要信息的系统分析方法是非常必要的。本研究将水和稀酸萃取与电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(AES)、离子色谱和离子选择电极相结合，建立了测定水溶和稀酸可溶组分的系统方法。采用重液分离-X-射线衍射法对有机溶剂可溶组分中的几种金属元素进行了测定。建立了一种简便的X射线光谱分析用活性碳薄层标准样品的制备方法，并成功地应用于大气颗粒物及其萃取物残留物的多元素测定。此外，还建立了一种测定大气颗粒物中元素碳和总可溶及不可溶有机物的热分析方法。将这些发展起来的方法结合起来，可以实现对空气中颗粒物的系统状态分析。

In recent years, the pollution of airborne particulate matter is little improved in Japan and some advanced nations and become more serious in some developing nations. Its analysis is very important for preservation of atmospheric environment. Although airborne particulate matter is a very complex multi-component mixture, usually its mass concentration only or sometimes elemental composition has been measured. It is desirable to develop a systematic analytical method by which many important informations can be efficiently obtained from the same sample.In this study, a systematic method combining water and dilute-acid extraction with ICP-atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ion chromatography and ion-selective electrode has been developed for the determination of water-soluble and dilute-acid soluble components. Several metallic elements were detected and determined in organic solvent-soluble components by ICP-AES.Some compounds in the extraction residues were determined by a combined method of heavy liquid separation and X-ray diffractometry. A simple preparation method of thin-layr standard samples with activated carbon for X-ray spectrometry has been developed and successfully applied to the multi-element determination of airborne particulate matter and its extraction residues. Furthermore, a thermal method has been developed for the fractional determination of elemental carbon and total soluble and insoluble organic compounds in airborne particulate matter. The systematic state analysis of airborne particulate matter can be attained by a combination of these developed methods.