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Development of System for Comprehensive Analysis and Assessment of Atmospheric Environment

大气环境综合分析评价系统研制

基本信息

批准号：
10650794
负责人：
IWATSUKI Masaaki
金额：
$ 2.56万
依托单位：
Yamanashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Methodology has been investigated for characterization of important features of airborne particulate matter, gas pollutants and rain and for analysis of their interaction. Mass percentage of fine particles smaller than 2.5 μm was 75% in av. for airborne particulate matter collected in Kofu-City and annual average concentration exceeded the new standard of U. S. A. The collected samples and extraction residues were successfully analyzed by the fluorescent X-ray and X-ray diffraction methods, and the sequential extracts with acetone, water and 0.1M hydrochloric acid analyzed by ICP-AES, ion chromatography, etc. Almost all parts of S, Cl, Zn, Br and Pb and most of V, Cu and K were concentrated in fine particles and presumed to arise from anthropogenic sources; especially, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb mainly from motor vehicles. The chemical form of Cl at high concentration in winter was mainly ammonium chloride and that of S in summer mainly ammonium sulfate. The chemical forms of pollutants influen … More ce on the intake into living bodies. A combination of a sensitive catalytic determination method with filtration and ultrafiltration was investgated for the physicochemical speciation of Fe and Mo in rain water. Non-labile Fe was found in the particle fraction and characterized as acid-soluble iron hydroxide and humic iron aggregates and as acid-insoluble compounds like oxides and silicates. Labile Fe was found at 5-20% in the low molecular fraction of initial rainfall samples, and also in the particle fraction as Fe complexed on humic iron aggregates. Labile Mo was found in the low molecular fraction as molybdate ions. Non-labile form existed in particulates, which was attributed to the coprecipitation with iron hydroxide. Humic acid made labile Mo, which was probably adsorbed or complexed on the surface of humic iron aggregates. Furthermore, the relationship among some components in particulate mater, gas pollutants and rain was investigated by their simultaneous collection. Portable colorimeter, multichannel spectrophotometer and photoacoustic spectrometer were developed and successfully applied to the determination of nitrite, Fe ions, etc. Less

对空气中颗粒物、气体污染物和雨水的重要特征及其相互作用的分析方法进行了研究。Av中小于2.5μm的细颗粒物的质量百分比为75%。对科孚市采集的年平均浓度超过美国新标准的大气颗粒物，用荧光X射线和X射线衍射法进行了分析，丙酮、水和0.1M盐酸的顺序萃取物进行了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、离子色谱等分析，S、氯、锌、溴、铅和钒、铜、钾几乎全部集中在细颗粒物中，推测是人为来源，特别是铜、锌、溴和铅主要来自机动车。冬季高浓度氯的化学形态以氯化铵为主，夏季S高浓度氯的化学形态以硫酸铵为主。污染物的化学形态对…的影响更多的Ce摄入到活体中。研究了过滤和超滤相结合的灵敏催化测定方法测定雨水中铁和钼的物理化学形态。在颗粒级分中发现了非活性铁，其特征为酸溶铁、氢氧化铁和腐殖铁聚集体，以及酸不溶化合物，如氧化物和硅酸盐。在初始降雨样品的低分子组分中，活性铁的含量为5-20%，而在颗粒组分中，由于铁与腐殖质铁团聚体形成络合，所以活性铁的含量也很高。在低分子组分中以钼酸根离子形式存在不稳定的钼。颗粒物中存在非活性形态，这归因于与氢氧化铁的共沉淀。腐植酸形成不稳定的钼，钼可能吸附或络合在腐植铁团聚体表面。通过同时采集颗粒物、气体污染物和降雨中的一些组分，研究了它们之间的关系。开发了便携式比色仪、多道分光光度计和光声光谱仪，并成功地应用于亚硝酸盐、铁离子等的测定。