Direct Introduction of Hetero Atoms into Hydrocarbons in Plasmas

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In this study, The creation super-reactive species which might be formrd by conventional chemical methods and its introduction into hydrocarbons has been aimed. Special attention has been paied not only to gaseous plasma reactions but also solution-phase organic reactions induced by plasma, namely glow discharge electrolysis (gde).In 1995, the oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons with oxygen in a radio-frequency plasma was examined. When a variety of alkylbenzenes were fed into the gaseous plasma, the hydroxylation of benzene rings competed with the oxidation of alkylgroups. On the other hand, the olefinic double bonds were preferentially oxidized to the corresponding epoxides.In 1996, the oxidative degradation of organic substances dissolved in an aqueous solution was conducted by means of gde. Thus, phenols was eventually decomposed to carbon dioxides and water. As the intermediate products, hydroquinone and catechol were formed. Successively, they were oxidized to pyrogallol and hydroxyhydroquinone. The cleavage of benzene nucleus subsequently occurred to yield a diversity of carboxylic acids such as oxalic or formic acids. It was assumed that hydroxyl radical resulting from the dissociation of water molecule should be responsible for the pxidation.the application of gde methods to organic solvent system was attempted. In the gde of acetonitrile, propionitrile, acrylonitrile and succinonitrile were obtained as major products in the solution-phase. The reaction scheme involving the ionic species, probably acetonitrile cation, which could be generated in the discharge zone and might ruch into the solution surface layr to break up several solvent molecules, was proposed. The resulting radical, that is methyl and cyano radicals, should be mutually recombined to give rise to the above-mentioned products.