Construction of a fine chromosomal map for soybean maturity genes with RAPD markers

大豆是世界各地广泛种植的重要作物之一，具有很强的适应性。其广泛的适应性是由开花和成熟习性的遗传多样性提供的。大豆是著名的光敏植物，其开花是由短日照诱导的。而对长日照不敏感是大豆适应高纬度环境的重要特征之一。在本研究中，我研究了原产于北海道的大豆地方品种的长日照不敏感性的遗传基础。遗传分析结果表明，光长不敏感性不仅受两个先前报道的基因e3和e4控制，而且还受一个或两个新基因e6和e7控制。e6和e7基因抑制或抵消E4诱导长日照不敏感性的作用。我还研究了DNA多态性的染色体区域接近6个不同的成熟度基因，通过比较这些基因的近等基因系之间的RAPD。我检测到两个快速脉冲装置，每一个都是E5和E4或E7独有的。这些RAPD标记可用于评价成熟度基因间的等位性和互作关系。

Soybean is one of important crops with a high adaptability that are cultivated in various regions of world. Its wide adaptability is offered by a genetic diversity for flowering and maturing habits. The soybean is famous as a photosensitive plant whose flowering is induced by a short day. However, the insensitivity to long daylengths is one of important characteristics for the adaptation of soybean plants to high-latitudinalenvironments. In this research I studied the genetic basis of long daylength insensitivity of soybean landraces native to Hokkaido. The genetic analysis provide a result that the daylength insensitivity is controlled not only by two previously reported genes, e3 and e4, but one or two new genes designated e6 and e7. The e6 and e7 genes suppress or counteract the action of E4 to induce the insensitivity to long daylength. I also studied DNA polymorphism in chromosomal regions close to 6 different maturity genes, by comparing RAPDs between near-isogenic lines for these genes. I detected two RAPDs, each unique to E5 and E4 or E7. These RAPD markers are useful to evaluate allelism and interaction between maturity genes.