Genetic diversity and in situ conservation of wild soybeans

本研究旨在评价野生大豆自然居群的遗传结构和多样性，为该物种的就地保护提供基础资料。主要研究结果如下：1)。对采自俄罗斯远东三个地理位置不同地区的58个群体进行了16个同工酶座位的遗传变异分析。该物种在分布区北部范围内的种群表现出有限的遗传变异，而城市内和高利贷河上游及符拉迪沃斯托克地区的种群具有较高的遗传变异。遗传多样性的程度不一定与种群大小和植物密度有关。在中国中，考察了位于分布区中心和南部边界的种群的生境生态特征。在南部边界，种群在家畜对杂草和放牧的干扰程度与自然栖息地的恢复之间保持平衡。放牧似乎为野生大豆提供了安全的栖息地。为了保护和管理经常受到干扰的植物种群，可能有必要进行某种程度的干扰，例如野生大豆。需要进一步研究，以评估受干扰影响的遗传结构和多样性的变化动态。这些信息可能有助于构建野生大豆的就地保护策略。

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic structure and diversity of natural populations of wild soybean, Glycine soja, and to obtain basic information on in situ conservation of the species. The results obtained were summarized as follows.1). Fifty-eight populations, which were collected in three geographically separate regions of Far-east Russia, were analyzed for the variation at 16 isozyme loci. The populations in the northern limit of distribution area of this species showed a limited genetic variability, whereas those inside cities and those in the upper region of the Usury River and the Vladivostok region had relatively high variability. The degree of genetic diversity was not necessarily associated with the size of populations and plant density.2). In China, populations that were located in the southern limit and the center of the distribution area were examined for ecological features of habitats. In the southern limit, populations were conserved under a balance between the degree of disturbance by weeding and grazing by domestic animals and restoration of natural habitat. The grazing seemed to have provided safe sites for wild soybeans.3). Some degree of disturbances may be of necessity to conserve and manage populations of plant species which are frequently subject to disturbance such as wild soybeans. A further study is needed to evaluate a dynamics of change in genetic structure and diversity that are affected by disturbances. Such information may be helpful to construct a strategy of in situ conservation for wild soybeans.