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Development of New Biodegradable Composite Materials from Cellulose (or Wood) and Starch

纤维素（或木材）和淀粉新型可生物降解复合材料的开发

基本信息

批准号：
07660435
负责人：
YOSHIOKA Mariko
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It was confirmed that cellulose acetate (CA) and acetylated wood wereeffectively plasticized respectively by kneading process with dibasic acid anhydride/monoepoxide to produce oligoester (OE) chains at their free hydroxyl groups. And it was also found that CA was plasticized enough to be kneaded with maleic methyl oleate or dodecenylsuccinic anhydride. In this case, addition of epsilon-caprolactone made the processability of the plasticized materials much higher. These reactions were affected by the degrees of substitution of CA,the kinds of reactive plasticizers, the proportions of plasticizers to CA,and kneading time, etc. On the other hand, in the case of using the former plasticizers, it was known that the unreacted monomers and oligomers produced by plasticizers reaction among themselves existed in the materials. They worked as good external plasticizers for CA,however, some of them bled over sheets. It became clear that the amount and length of OE graft chain was effective in controlling external plasticizers bleeding. Moreover, even in the case of insufficient grafing level, addition of methacrylates as the fixing agent was effective to control bleeding when suitable kinds of plasticizers and processing conditions were used. As the results of biodegradation tests for plasticized samples, it was found that the biodegradation rate of the samples became faster when plasticizers have smaller molecular weight, they are aliphatic compounds, and the proportion of starch was higher. In these tests, polypropylene and high density polyethylene were used as non-biodegradable control samples, and CA with degree of substitution 1.7 was used as the matrix polymer of plasticized samples. It was revealed that all the plasticized samples degraded and their weight losses progressed gradually according to the tendency mentioned above, to disappear within 2 years, though the control samples didn't degrade at all.

研究表明，醋酸纤维素（CA）和乙酰化木材分别与二元酸酐/单环氧化合物捏合，在自由羟基上生成低聚酯（OE）链，可有效增塑CA和乙酰化木材。CA与马来酸油酸甲酯或十二烯基琥珀酸酐的混炼增塑效果较好。在这种情况下，添加ε-己内酯使得增塑材料的加工性高得多。这些反应受CA的取代度、反应性增塑剂的种类、增塑剂与CA的比例和捏合时间等的影响。另一方面，在使用前一种增塑剂的情况下，已知材料中存在由增塑剂之间反应产生的未反应的单体和低聚物。他们作为良好的外部增塑剂CA，然而，其中一些流血的超过表。很明显，OE接枝链的量和长度在控制外部增塑剂渗出方面是有效的。此外，即使在接枝程度不足的情况下，当使用合适的增塑剂种类和加工条件时，添加甲基丙烯酸酯作为固定剂也能有效地控制渗出。对塑化样品的生物降解试验结果表明，增塑剂分子量越小、为脂肪族化合物、淀粉含量越高，样品的生物降解速率越快。在这些试验中，聚丙烯和高密度聚乙烯用作不可生物降解的对照样品，取代度为1.7的CA用作增塑样品的基质聚合物。结果表明，所有增塑样品均发生降解，其重量损失根据上述趋势逐渐进行，在2年内消失，而对照样品根本没有降解。