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Studies on central nervous mechanisms concerning cognitive functions

与认知功能相关的中枢神经机制研究

基本信息

批准号：
07680902
负责人：
GEMBA Hisae
金额：
$ 1.47万
依托单位：
Kansai Medical University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Field potentials were recorded with electrodes implanted in various cortical areas while a monkey was learning reaction-time hand movements with complex tone. When cortical surface-negative, depth-positive (s-N,d-P) potential (at a latency of about 80 ms after stimulus) appeared in the rostral bank of the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus of the left cerebral hemisphere, and became gradually larger, the monkey began to respond to stimulus with movement (recognition learning). As the potential in the prefrontal cortex and the cerebellar-mediated potential in the motor cortex gradually increased with further training, the movement became quicker and more skillful. Three monkeys achieved the movement with complex tone in shorter training days than the movement with pure tone. Cortical field potentials were recorded during learning processes of visuo-initiated hand movements, and analized. It was found that as-N,d-P potential (at about 80 ms after stimulus) in the rostral bank of the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus of the left cerebral hemisphere was related to recognition learning, and that a s-N,d-P potential (at a latency of about 80 ms after stimulus) in the rostral bank of the arcuate sulcus in the right cerebral hemisphere was motivation-dependent activity. A s-N,d-P potential (at about 70 ms after stimulus) was also recorded in the rostral bank of the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus of the left cerebral hemisphere in audio-initiated vocalization. There facts suggest that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in motivational functions as well as in cognitive functions.The cortical activity related to recognition learning is s-N,d-P potential, and is considered to be a superficial thalamo-cortical response. Morphological studies suggest that the VAmc thalamic nuclei are related to initiation of the activity. There was hardly any change in the activity before and after cerebellectomy or basal ganglia cooling.

当一只猴子用复杂的音调学习反应时间手部动作时，在不同的皮层区域植入电极记录场电位。当皮层表面负、深度正（s-N，d-P）电位（刺激后潜伏期约80 ms）出现在左大脑半球弓状沟的下肢的嘴侧岸，并逐渐变大时，猴子开始对刺激产生运动反应（识别学习）。随着前额叶皮层的电位和运动皮层中小脑介导的电位随着进一步的训练而逐渐增加，运动变得更快，更熟练。3只猕猴完成复合音动作的训练天数比纯音动作短。在视觉启动的手部动作的学习过程中记录皮层场电位，并进行分析。结果发现，左侧大脑半球弓状沟下肢头侧岸的as-N，d-P电位（刺激后约80 ms）与再认学习有关，而右侧大脑半球弓状沟头侧岸的s-N，d-P电位（刺激后约80 ms）则为动机依赖性活动。在听觉诱发发声时，在左侧大脑半球弓状沟下肢的嘴侧岸也记录到s-N，d-P电位（刺激后约70 ms）。这些事实表明，背外侧前额叶皮层不仅参与认知功能，而且参与动机功能，与再认学习有关的皮层活动是s-N、d-P电位，被认为是一种丘脑-皮层浅层反应。形态学研究表明，丘脑VAmc核与活动的启动有关。小脑切除或基底节冷却前后的活动几乎没有任何变化。