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Studies on central nervous mechanisms of vocalization in monkeys

猴发声中枢神经机制的研究

基本信息

批准号：
05680718
负责人：
GEMBA Hisae
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Kansai Medical University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1993 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Field potentials were recorded with electrodes chronically implanted on the surface and at 2.0-3.0mm depth in various cortical areas in monkeys trained for vocalizing at self-pace (self-paced vocalization). In three monkeys, surface-negative, depth-positive (s-N,d-P) slow potentials prior to vocalization were led from the premotor, motor and somatosensory cortices and supplementary motor area in both hemispheres. Such premovement potentials were recorded also in the cingulate and prefrontal cortices when a monkey vocalized with strong motivation for reward. Cerebellar hemispherectomy on the right side eliminated the s-N,d-P premovement potentials in the motor cortex and in the posterior bank of the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus (Broca's homologue) in the left hemisphere. After the operation, the tone came to have less components of different frequencies, and its duration varied much more than before. These facts suggest that the neocortical area homologous to the human speech are … More a takes part in the generation and control of monkey vocalization together with the cerebellum possibly through cerebro-cerebellar interactions. This is against ideas so far proposed on nonhuman primate vocalization, i.e., it is generally considered that animal vocalization differs fundamentally from human speech.Monkeys were also enough trained to vocalize in response to auditory stimulus of a monkey's coo vocalization for more than three months (audio-initiated vocalization). Field potentials on the audio-initiated vocalization were recorded with the electrodes described above, and reaction times were measured from the onset of stimulus to the start of vocalization. A s-N,d-P potential was recorded at a latency of about 70 ms after the stimulus in the anterior bank of the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus in the left hemisphere in which no significant potential was recorded on self-paced vocalization. In the motor and somatosensory cortices, s-N,d-P potentials were recorded at a latency of about 300 ms. Reaction times were obviously longer and more variable when compared with the audio-initiated hand movements^1 reported before.1.Gemba & Sasaki, Exp.Brain Res. (1987) 65 : 649-657 Less

用电极记录场电位，电极长期植入在表面和2.0-3.0mm深的各种皮质区的猴子训练，以自行节奏发声（自行节奏发声）。在三只猕猴中，发声前的表面负性、深度正性（s-N、d-P）慢电位分别来自两半球的运动前区、运动区、躯体感觉区和辅助运动区。当猴子发出带有强烈奖励动机的声音时，扣带皮层和前额皮质也记录到了这种运动前电位。右侧小脑半球切除术消除了运动皮层和左半球弓状沟（Broca同源物）下肢后堤的s-N，d-P运动前电位。手术后，音调中不同频率的成分变少了，持续时间的变化也比以前大得多。这些事实表明，与人类语言同源的新皮层区域是 ...更多信息 A可能通过小脑-小脑相互作用与小脑一起参与猴发声的产生和控制。这与迄今为止提出的关于非人类灵长类动物发声的想法相反，即，一般认为动物的发声与人类的语言有本质的不同。2猴子也经过足够的训练，可以在三个月以上的时间里对猴子的咕咕声的听觉刺激做出反应（音频启动的发声）。用上述电极记录音频启动发声的场电位，并测量从刺激开始到发声开始的反应时间。刺激后70 ms左右，在左半球弓状沟的下肢前滩记录到s-N，d-P电位，而在自步速发声时未记录到明显电位。在运动皮层和躯体感觉皮层，s-N、d-P电位的潜伏期约为300 ms。与之前报道的由声音引发的手部运动相比^[1]，反应时间明显更长，变化也更大。1.玄叶&佐佐木，实验脑研究（1987）65：649-657减