A Social-historical Study of the View of a Child in Modern China--Child, Family, and Society

近代中国儿童观的社会历史研究--儿童、家庭与社会

• 批准号: 09610044
• 负责人: YUYAMA Tomiko
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: SEIKEI UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09610044/
• 关键词: Modern China; View of Child; Child; Family; A Social-historical Study; Refugee Children; Relief and Cultivation Work; Anti-Japanese Children's Troupe; 児童; 家庭; 孤児; 女性

The following consideration results are based on my social-historical research on the view of a child in modern China. The main target period of the research is the years between the end of Qing dynasty and the early 1940s when the anti-Japanese war had already started.1.A framework is devised to theorize the historical development of the view of a child during the said period. The view of a child in modern China is composed of a combination of three elements : "child of a family" as the view of a child in families and paternal clans, "child of a race" as a constituent of racial society, and "child of the country" as a constituent of the nation. Historically, since the end of the Qing dynasty, the "child of a race" had been built upon the basis of the "child of a family" (either affirmatively or negatively), and then they were finally integrated into the "child of the country" by the Communist Party government.2.Here is my opinion about the meaning of the view of a child in the history … More of ideas and its influence on them during the said periodIn the development of the view of a child from "the hero of the future" to "the present little hero", children's social power to break through the present difficulties had been recognized, and the view of a child as the subject in making history was produced. (Rediscovery of a child in modern China). The view of a child as "a hero of the future" deprives children of the qualification as the present constituent of society, "the present little hero" recognize children of the qualification as the present constituent of society, and both brings the result that children should be educated to fit in the human model which the adults, who are the present subject, want too. These two views of a child induced the difference in juvenile maneuvers of the National Party and the Communist Party, and systematization of children and exertion of their fighting power also played an important role in the civil war after the end of the anti-Japanese war, and in the construction of a country.3.By the consideration of the view of a child during the concerned period, this paper gives a better understanding of the situation of family, child, and society during the resistance period. Less

以下的思考结果是基于我对近代中国儿童观的社会历史研究。研究的主要对象时期是清末至1940年代初抗战爆发的这段时间。设计了一个框架，将上述时期儿童观点的历史发展理论化。近代中国的儿童观是由三个要素的结合构成的：“家庭的孩子”作为家庭和父系家族的孩子观，“种族的孩子”作为种族社会的组成部分，“国家的孩子”作为民族的组成部分。历史上，自清末以来，“族子”一直是建立在“家子”的基础上（或肯定或否定），然后最终被共产党政府整合为“国子”。在儿童观从“未来的英雄”到“现在的小英雄”的发展过程中，人们认识到儿童突破当前困境的社会力量，产生了儿童作为创造历史的主体的观点。（在现代中国重新发现一个孩子）。儿童作为“未来英雄”的观点剥夺了儿童作为当前社会组成部分的资格，“当前小英雄”的观点承认儿童作为当前社会组成部分的资格，两者都带来了儿童应该被教育以适应作为当前主体的成年人所希望的人类模式的结果。这两种儿童观导致了国共两党在少年战术上的差异，对儿童的系统化和战斗力的发挥也在抗战结束后的内战和国家建设中发挥了重要作用。本文通过对有关时期儿童观点的思考，更好地理解了反抗时期家庭、儿童和社会的状况。少