An assimilation effect in judging the grammaticality of sentences violating the subjacency condition

三个实验考察了锚定效应，特别是同化效应，在判断违反下接条件的句子的语法性时。受试者对两类句子进行判断，表面上相似，但判断的可接受性不同。一种句型包括表达矩阵名词短语的主观经验的嵌入从句(主观句)，而另一种句型不包括这样的从句(非主观句)。实验1显示，只有主观目标句和非主观锚句配对时才有同化效应。实验操纵场依存性说话者对场依存性说话者有明显的同化效应。实验中使用的句子。3包括一个名词短语(NP提取的)或一个状语短语(AP提取的)，每个短语都提取自一个从属从句。锚句的表层结构既类似于NP提取目标(NP前置)，也类似于AP提取目标(AP前置)。无论判断的目标是什么，研究结果都显示了给出AP前置主语的说话者的对比效应。当给出NP前置主语的说话者判断AP提取的目标时，这一效应也被发现。研究结果表明，句子的语法性判断，甚至违反相邻条件的判断，都会受到场依存性和判断条件等语法外因素的影响。

Three experiments explored the anchoring effects, particularly an assimilation effect, in judging the grammaticality of sentences violating the subjacency condition. Subjects judged two types of sentences similar on the surface but differing in judged acceptability. One sentence type included an embedded clause expressing the subjective experience of matrix noun phrase (Subjective sentence) while the other sentence type did not include such a clause (Nonsubjective sentence). Exp.1 showed the assimilation effect only for Subjective target sentences paired with Nonsubjective anchor sentences. Exp. 2, in which speakers' field- dependence was manipulated, showed a clear assimilation effect for field-dependent speakers. The sentences used in Exp. 3 included either a noun phrase (NP-Extracted) or an adverbial phrase (AP-Extracted), each extracted from a subordinated clause. Anchor sentences had a surface structure similar either to the NP-Extracted target (NP-Preposed) or to the AP- Extracted targets (AP-Preposed). Regardless of the targets judged, finding showed the contrast effect for speakers given the AP-Preposed anchors. This effect was also found when the speakers given the NP-Preposed anchors judged the AP-Extracted target. Findings indicate that judgments of grammaticality of sentences even violating the subjacency condition are affected by extragrammatical factors such as field-dependence and condition of judgment.